* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Final Exam Review
Survey
Document related concepts
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name _______________ Date ________Block___ Biology Final Exam Review 2009 The biology final exam is scheduled for Monday June 8th, 2009 at 8:15. Please bring your textbook and pencils with you. The test will consist of multiple choice questions. The following units will be covered on the exam: Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Chapter 14 The Human Genome Chapter 12 DNA and RNA Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations Chapter 19 Bacteria and Viruses Chapter 20 Protists Chapter 8 Photosynthesis and Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Chapter 22 (Section 22-1) Introduction to Plants Chapter 23 Roots, Stems, and Leaves Chapter 24 Reproduction of Seed Plants Chapter 3 Nutrient Cycles Chapter 21 Fungi Chapter 26 (Section 26-1) Introduction to the Animal Kingdom Chapter 35 Nervous System Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory System Chapter 38 Digestion and Excretory System The following questions will help you prepare for the test. Happy studying!! 1. _____________________ is the process that forms ________________ or sex cells. 2. If a parent cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cell have after meiosis? 3. The ____________ is the male gamete and the ________ is the female gamete. 4. A cell with only one set of chromosomes is said to be ______________ (n). 5. A cell with two sets of chromosomes is said to be _______________ (2n). 6. In a heterozygous individual the ________________ allele is expressed. 7. The ________________ allele is only expressed when both alleles are lower case letters. 8. What is the job of DNA? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 9. The shape of the DNA molecule is described as a ______________ ________________. 10. The four bases found in DNA are ______________,_______________,_________________, and _____________________. 11. In addition to four bases, the sides of the DNA ladder contain _____________________and _________________________. 12. In what order do the bases always pair? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 13. If a strand of DNA has the code ATAGCCAATGTA, what would be the code of the opposite strand? ______________________________________________________________________________ 14. Draw a short chain of DNA with at least 6 base pairs. 15. How does DNA replicate itself? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 16. List 3 ways the RNA differs from DNA. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 17. List the 3 types of RNA and describe the function of each. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 18. Describe what takes place during transcription and translation. These are the two stages of protein synthesis. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 19. What is a codon? ____________________________________________________________ Each codon codes for a specific _______________________________________________. 20. Why are proteins so important to living organisms? _______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 21. Complete the table of the characteristics of the six kingdoms in the table. Characteristic Eubacteria ArchaeProtista Fungi Plantae bacteria cell type prokaryotic method of absorption, obtaining food photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis presence of no complex organ systems Animalia 22. What is the difference between aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic fermentation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 23. What is the purpose of photosynthesis? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 24. Describe what gases move in and out of a plant through the stomata. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 25. How does the energy source of consumers, decomposers, and producers vary? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 26. How does the nutrient source of consumers, decomposers, and producers vary? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 27. List whether the following groups include consumers, decomposers, producers, or some combination of the three. Bacteria Kingdoms: _____________________________________________________________ Protist Kingdom:________________________________________________________________ Fungi Kingdom:________________________________________________________________ Humans: ______________________________________________________________________ Plant Kingdom: ________________________________________________________________ Animal Kingdom:_______________________________________________________________ 28. A structural adaptation enabling an organism to blend with its environment is ____________. 29. Evolution is defined as any change in the _______________ of the allele in a population. 30. Two organisms are the same species if the two can interbreed and produce a _____________ ___________________ in nature. 31. When two groups of a population are separated by a physical barrier and no longer mate, the two groups are __________________ ___________________. 32. The founder of modern evolutionary theory is considered to be _______________________. 33. Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed. These features are examples of __________________. 34. New variations in structural and physiological adaptations are provided by ______________. 35. Summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 36. Describe two of the types of evidence for evolution. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 37. A(n) ______________ is a virus that attacks a bacterial cell. 38. A RNA virus with the most complex replication cycle is called a _______________. 39. Viral DNA that is integrated into the host cell’s chromosome is called a ________________. 40. The two main materials that make up a virus are ___________ and _____________. 41. A living cell in which a virus replicates is a ________________________. 42. Compare and contrast a provirus and a retrovirus. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Why are viruses not considered to be living things? Which characteristics of life do viruses have? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 44. How does a virus recognize a host? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 45. Compare and contrast the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 46. Why is Ebola considered such a threat to people? Why do researchers believe that another Ebola outbreak may occur in the future? What are 2 cultural reasons that increased the severity of Ebola outbreaks in Zaire? 47. Diagram a bacteriophage and label its parts. 48. Diagram a bacterial cell. 49. How do bacteria reproduce sexually? 50. How do bacteria reproduce asexually? 50. How do fungi digest their food? 51. Fungi bodies are made of tangled strands called ______________________. 52. How do fungi reproduce sexually? 53. How do fungi reproduce asexually? 54. Plant cells have a ___________ ________ composed of cellulose. 55. What is the primary function of plant leaves? 56. A flower that has sepals, petals, stamens and pistils is called a __________________ flower. 57. The ancestors of today’s plants are probably _____________ ______________. 58. What are three challenges faced by early land plants? 59. What is the function of the plant cuticle? 60. Some land plants developed an internal system of interconnected tubes and vessels called __________________ ________________. 61. Complete the table to compare photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis Organelle that carries out process Gas taken in Gas released When process occurs Result of process Equation Respiration Mitochondria CO2 O2 In the presence of light 62. Label the parts of the flower in the diagram. Energy or ATP 6O2 +C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP 63. Draw a pedigree in the space on the next page. a. Show the grandfather and grandmother. Label the mother line. b. Show 2 female children. Label the children’s line. c. Show that the first daughter is married and the son-in-law is older. d. Show that the first daughter and son-in law have 3 children. The oldest is a female and the two younger are sons. e. Number your pedigree correctly. f. Show that I-2, II-1, III-1, and III-2 have attached earlobes. g. Write the genotype for each person in the pedigree. 64. Complete a Punnett square for a cross between a homozygous red-flowered snapdragon (RR) and a homozygous white-flowered (R’R’). Give the genotype and phenotype of the offspring. Is this an example of incomplete dominance or codominance? 65 In cattle, red coat color is caused by the genotype CC, white coat color is caused by the genotype WW, and roan (mixture of red and white spots) coat color is caused by the heterozygous condition. A) Show a Punnett square for the offspring of a roan bull and a red cow. B) What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of this cross? C) Is this an example of incomplete dominance or codominance? 66. In rabbits, coat color is determined by a gene with 4 alleles with the following dominance: agouti (C) > chinchilla (cch) > Himalayan (ch) > albino (c). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of a cross between an agouti (Ccch) and a Himalayan (chc)? 67. A man with type AB blood and a woman with type A blood have children. What blood types are possible in their children? Hemophilia and color blindness are sex linked traits in humans. 68. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a carrier female and a normal blood clotting male? 69. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a normal female (not a carrier) and a color blind male? 70. Can human females suffer from hemophilia or color blindness? 71. Can human males be carriers of hemophilia or colorblindness? 72. Sequence the organs of your digestive system according to the order in which food passes through them. 73. How do villi of the small intestine increase the rate of nutrient absorption? 74. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion? 75. What are the functions of the small intestine and the large intestine? 76. How does food move through the digestive system? 77. Outline the functions of the 3 major parts of the brain. 78. Contrast the functions of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. 79. Distinguish between an artery and a vein. 80. Label the diagram of the digestive system 81. Label the diagram of the brain below. 82. Label the diagram of the Respiratory System. 83. Label the diagram of the heart. 84. Explain how a nutrient can be a limiting factor in an ecosystem. 85. Create a flowchart to trace one path that carbon might take through an ecosystem.