Download Final Exam Review

Name _______________
Date ________Block___
Biology Final Exam Review 2009
The biology final exam is scheduled for Monday June 8th, 2009 at 8:15. Please bring your textbook and
pencils with you. The test will consist of multiple choice questions. The following units will be covered
on the exam:
 Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
 Chapter 14 The Human Genome
 Chapter 12 DNA and RNA
 Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
 Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations
 Chapter 19 Bacteria and Viruses
 Chapter 20 Protists
 Chapter 8 Photosynthesis and Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
 Chapter 22 (Section 22-1) Introduction to Plants
 Chapter 23 Roots, Stems, and Leaves
 Chapter 24 Reproduction of Seed Plants
 Chapter 3 Nutrient Cycles
 Chapter 21 Fungi
 Chapter 26 (Section 26-1) Introduction to the Animal Kingdom
 Chapter 35 Nervous System
 Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory System
 Chapter 38 Digestion and Excretory System
The following questions will help you prepare for the test. Happy studying!!
1. _____________________ is the process that forms ________________ or sex cells.
2. If a parent cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cell have after
meiosis?
3. The ____________ is the male gamete and the ________ is the female gamete.
4. A cell with only one set of chromosomes is said to be ______________ (n).
5. A cell with two sets of chromosomes is said to be _______________ (2n).
6. In a heterozygous individual the ________________ allele is expressed.
7. The ________________ allele is only expressed when both alleles are lower case letters.
8. What is the job of DNA?
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9. The shape of the DNA molecule is described as a ______________
________________.
10. The four bases found in DNA are ______________,_______________,_________________,
and _____________________.
11. In addition to four bases, the sides of the DNA ladder contain _____________________and
_________________________.
12. In what order do the bases always pair?
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13. If a strand of DNA has the code ATAGCCAATGTA, what would be the code of the opposite strand?
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14. Draw a short chain of DNA with at least 6 base pairs.
15. How does DNA replicate itself?
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16. List 3 ways the RNA differs from DNA.
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17. List the 3 types of RNA and describe the function of each.
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18. Describe what takes place during transcription and translation. These are the two stages of protein
synthesis.
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19. What is a codon? ____________________________________________________________
Each codon codes for a specific _______________________________________________.
20. Why are proteins so important to living organisms? _______________________________
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21. Complete the table of the characteristics of the six kingdoms in the table.
Characteristic Eubacteria
ArchaeProtista Fungi Plantae
bacteria
cell type
prokaryotic
method of
absorption,
obtaining food photosynthesis,
or
chemosynthesis
presence of
no
complex organ
systems
Animalia
22. What is the difference between aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic fermentation?
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23. What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
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24. Describe what gases move in and out of a plant through the stomata.
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25. How does the energy source of consumers, decomposers, and producers vary?
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26. How does the nutrient source of consumers, decomposers, and producers vary?
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27. List whether the following groups include consumers, decomposers, producers, or some combination
of the three.
Bacteria Kingdoms: _____________________________________________________________
Protist Kingdom:________________________________________________________________
Fungi Kingdom:________________________________________________________________
Humans: ______________________________________________________________________
Plant Kingdom: ________________________________________________________________
Animal Kingdom:_______________________________________________________________
28. A structural adaptation enabling an organism to blend with its environment is ____________.
29. Evolution is defined as any change in the _______________ of the allele in a population.
30. Two organisms are the same species if the two can interbreed and produce a _____________
___________________ in nature.
31. When two groups of a population are separated by a physical barrier and no longer mate, the two
groups are __________________ ___________________.
32. The founder of modern evolutionary theory is considered to be _______________________.
33. Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be
observed. These features are examples of __________________.
34. New variations in structural and physiological adaptations are provided by ______________.
35. Summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
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36. Describe two of the types of evidence for evolution.
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37. A(n) ______________ is a virus that attacks a bacterial cell.
38. A RNA virus with the most complex replication cycle is called a _______________.
39. Viral DNA that is integrated into the host cell’s chromosome is called a ________________.
40. The two main materials that make up a virus are ___________ and _____________.
41. A living cell in which a virus replicates is a ________________________.
42. Compare and contrast a provirus and a retrovirus.
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43. Why are viruses not considered to be living things? Which characteristics of life do viruses have?
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44. How does a virus recognize a host?
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45. Compare and contrast the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle.
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46. Why is Ebola considered such a threat to people? Why do researchers believe that another Ebola
outbreak may occur in the future? What are 2 cultural reasons that increased the severity of Ebola
outbreaks in Zaire?
47. Diagram a bacteriophage and label its parts.
48. Diagram a bacterial cell.
49. How do bacteria reproduce sexually?
50. How do bacteria reproduce asexually?
50. How do fungi digest their food?
51. Fungi bodies are made of tangled strands called ______________________.
52. How do fungi reproduce sexually?
53. How do fungi reproduce asexually?
54. Plant cells have a ___________ ________ composed of cellulose.
55. What is the primary function of plant leaves?
56. A flower that has sepals, petals, stamens and pistils is called a __________________ flower.
57. The ancestors of today’s plants are probably _____________ ______________.
58. What are three challenges faced by early land plants?
59. What is the function of the plant cuticle?
60. Some land plants developed an internal system of interconnected tubes and vessels called
__________________ ________________.
61. Complete the table to compare photosynthesis and respiration.
Photosynthesis
Organelle that
carries out process
Gas taken in
Gas released
When process
occurs
Result of process
Equation
Respiration
Mitochondria
CO2
O2
In the presence of light
62. Label the parts of the flower in the diagram.
Energy or ATP
6O2 +C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP
63. Draw a pedigree in the space on the next page.
a. Show the grandfather and grandmother. Label the mother line.
b. Show 2 female children. Label the children’s line.
c. Show that the first daughter is married and the son-in-law is older.
d. Show that the first daughter and son-in law have 3 children. The oldest is a female and the
two younger are sons.
e. Number your pedigree correctly.
f. Show that I-2, II-1, III-1, and III-2 have attached earlobes.
g. Write the genotype for each person in the pedigree.
64. Complete a Punnett square for a cross between a homozygous red-flowered snapdragon (RR) and a
homozygous white-flowered (R’R’). Give the genotype and phenotype of the offspring. Is this an
example of incomplete dominance or codominance?
65 In cattle, red coat color is caused by the genotype CC, white coat color is caused by the genotype WW,
and roan (mixture of red and white spots) coat color is caused by the heterozygous condition.
A) Show a Punnett square for the offspring of a roan bull and a red cow.
B) What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of this cross?
C) Is this an example of incomplete dominance or codominance?
66. In rabbits, coat color is determined by a gene with 4 alleles with the following dominance: agouti (C)
> chinchilla (cch) > Himalayan (ch) > albino (c). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of a
cross between an agouti (Ccch) and a Himalayan (chc)?
67. A man with type AB blood and a woman with type A blood have children. What blood types are
possible in their children?
Hemophilia and color blindness are sex linked traits in humans.
68. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a carrier female and a normal
blood clotting male?
69. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a normal female (not a carrier)
and a color blind male?
70. Can human females suffer from hemophilia or color blindness?
71. Can human males be carriers of hemophilia or colorblindness?
72. Sequence the organs of your digestive system according to the order in which food passes through
them.
73. How do villi of the small intestine increase the rate of nutrient absorption?
74. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
75. What are the functions of the small intestine and the large intestine?
76. How does food move through the digestive system?
77. Outline the functions of the 3 major parts of the brain.
78. Contrast the functions of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
79. Distinguish between an artery and a vein.
80. Label the diagram of the digestive system
81. Label the diagram of the brain below.
82. Label the diagram of the Respiratory System.
83. Label the diagram of the heart.
84. Explain how a nutrient can be a limiting factor in an ecosystem.
85. Create a flowchart to trace one path that carbon might take through an ecosystem.