Download Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology What is Biotechnology

Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology
What is Biotechnology?!?
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Bio =
= techniques or information
Application of biological techniques to manipulate DNA to benefit humans
Biotechnology has impacted the fields of
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Genetically Modified Organism (Agricultural)
Genetically
Foods - organism whose
________________ material has been _____________ using genetic
engineering techniques
Examples: Rice, __________________, corn, and
___________________
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DNA ________________ is being used to improve agricultural ______________ and ________
quality
Genetic engineering of ______________ (multiple organisms) animals speeds up the selective
breeding process
_____________________ genes can be ___________________ between varieties or species
So GMOs are 100% bad?!?
There are advantages...
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can help ___________________ that have deficiencies (that lack something)
_____________ yield increases and can have a ______________ life
________________ can charge and make more money
the food that we eat may contain more __________________
How to make a GMO?
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________________ transformation can also happen with crops
______________
____________ genes can be ______________ into crop
DNA to enhance the vitamins by inserting genes for specific vitamins
(golden rice- enhanced with Vitamin A)
Resist certain ______________, can tolerate ______________,
prevent rotting
There's another way to change DNA...and it is over 100,000 years old...
1. _____________________________
called plant
Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology
a. Crossing dissimilar organisms to bring together the best of both organisms (but these are often
sterile)
 Mule – Donkey and Horse
 Liger – Lion and Tiger
 Several Citrus Fruits
 Wheat plants – Mostly hybrids are selected for ability to resist disease, weather
tolerance, and produce the most grains
2. __________________ Breeding
 Allowing only organisms with desired traits to produce offspring
 Farmers have been doing this to create new foods.
 Examples: 1.________________
2._______________________
3._____________________
Forensics
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Take DNA samples and use ________________
enzymes to cut the DNA at certain sites.
The samples are placed in an agarose gel and into an
___________________ machine where electrical
charges are used to separate the pieces of DNA by size
and molecular weight
Creates a ______________ _____________ for each sample (DNA Fingerprint)
If a crime scene blood sample was taken and a suspects sample matches up with the crime scene =
definitive evidence of guilt.
In paternity tests matching band pattern must be seen between child
and father
Medical Purposes
Gene therapy is the alteration of an afflicted individual’s genes
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Gene therapy holds great _______________l for treating disorders _________________ to a
single defective gene
________________ are used for ______________ of genes
into specific types of cells, for example bone marrow
Gene therapy provokes both ______________ and
___________ questions
Genetic alternation of one organism’s DNA to transform it to
express a section of another organism (foreign) DNA
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_____________ are usually used as vectors to place beneficial
__________ inside because they can mass produce the gene
quickly
Example: Using _________ to create ____________. Humans
use the bacterial plasmid to insert desired genes and have the
bacteria produce the product in this case, human insulin.
Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology
Cloning - Creating an identical copy of something – produced from a single cell.
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When _______________ animals we are not certain about the effects on the created organism.
Usually cloned organisms are ______________ and do not ______________ very long.
 Ex. Dolly and premature aging
Reduced the variety in a _______________ since all organisms have the same _______________
information.
 Think of cloning humans…we would all have the exact same traits, which not good as a
species
 Organisms that are cloned usually experience premature aging
 Going against the natural order of things in the world.
Creating tissues for ___________________ that would not be rejected by the organism________________ cloning
Using these tissues to help fight diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s (replace damages brain cells)
Create therapeutic proteins like antibodies (monoclonal antibodies)and have several copies