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Download Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology What is Biotechnology
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Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology What is Biotechnology?!? Bio = = techniques or information Application of biological techniques to manipulate DNA to benefit humans Biotechnology has impacted the fields of Genetically Modified Organism (Agricultural) Genetically Foods - organism whose ________________ material has been _____________ using genetic engineering techniques Examples: Rice, __________________, corn, and ___________________ DNA ________________ is being used to improve agricultural ______________ and ________ quality Genetic engineering of ______________ (multiple organisms) animals speeds up the selective breeding process _____________________ genes can be ___________________ between varieties or species So GMOs are 100% bad?!? There are advantages... can help ___________________ that have deficiencies (that lack something) _____________ yield increases and can have a ______________ life ________________ can charge and make more money the food that we eat may contain more __________________ How to make a GMO? ________________ transformation can also happen with crops ______________ ____________ genes can be ______________ into crop DNA to enhance the vitamins by inserting genes for specific vitamins (golden rice- enhanced with Vitamin A) Resist certain ______________, can tolerate ______________, prevent rotting There's another way to change DNA...and it is over 100,000 years old... 1. _____________________________ called plant Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology a. Crossing dissimilar organisms to bring together the best of both organisms (but these are often sterile) Mule – Donkey and Horse Liger – Lion and Tiger Several Citrus Fruits Wheat plants – Mostly hybrids are selected for ability to resist disease, weather tolerance, and produce the most grains 2. __________________ Breeding Allowing only organisms with desired traits to produce offspring Farmers have been doing this to create new foods. Examples: 1.________________ 2._______________________ 3._____________________ Forensics Take DNA samples and use ________________ enzymes to cut the DNA at certain sites. The samples are placed in an agarose gel and into an ___________________ machine where electrical charges are used to separate the pieces of DNA by size and molecular weight Creates a ______________ _____________ for each sample (DNA Fingerprint) If a crime scene blood sample was taken and a suspects sample matches up with the crime scene = definitive evidence of guilt. In paternity tests matching band pattern must be seen between child and father Medical Purposes Gene therapy is the alteration of an afflicted individual’s genes Gene therapy holds great _______________l for treating disorders _________________ to a single defective gene ________________ are used for ______________ of genes into specific types of cells, for example bone marrow Gene therapy provokes both ______________ and ___________ questions Genetic alternation of one organism’s DNA to transform it to express a section of another organism (foreign) DNA _____________ are usually used as vectors to place beneficial __________ inside because they can mass produce the gene quickly Example: Using _________ to create ____________. Humans use the bacterial plasmid to insert desired genes and have the bacteria produce the product in this case, human insulin. Modern Genetics – GMOs and Biotechnology Cloning - Creating an identical copy of something – produced from a single cell. When _______________ animals we are not certain about the effects on the created organism. Usually cloned organisms are ______________ and do not ______________ very long. Ex. Dolly and premature aging Reduced the variety in a _______________ since all organisms have the same _______________ information. Think of cloning humans…we would all have the exact same traits, which not good as a species Organisms that are cloned usually experience premature aging Going against the natural order of things in the world. Creating tissues for ___________________ that would not be rejected by the organism________________ cloning Using these tissues to help fight diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s (replace damages brain cells) Create therapeutic proteins like antibodies (monoclonal antibodies)and have several copies