Download CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

BIOL 2457 A&P I
1.
CHAPTER 1
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List and define/explain the 7 characteristics of living things.
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2.
Define anabolism and give an example.
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Define catabolism and give an example.
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3.
List and define the 5 components of the scientific method.
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4.
List and describe the 6 levels of organization.
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5.
Define homeostasis ____________________________________________________
6.
List the 3 components of a homeostatic regulatory mechanism, and give their functions.
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7.
Define negative feedback ________________________________________________
Give an example _______________________________________________________
BIOL 2457 A&P I
8.
CHAPTER 1
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Define positive feedback ________________________________________________
Give an example _______________________________________________________
9.
List some of the organs found in the 4 anatomical quadrants.
10.
List some of the organs found in the 9 anatomical regions.
11.
Match the anatomical landmark with its place on the body.
Cephalon
Frons/frontal
Cranium/cranial
Facies/facial
Oculus/orbital/ocular
Bucca/buccal
Auris/otic
Nasus/nasal
Oris/oral
Mentis/mental
Acromial
Dorsum/dorsal
Cervicis/cervical
Thoracis/thoracic/thorax
Lumbus/lumbar
Mamma/mammilary
Abdominal
Umbilicus/umbilical
Pelvic
Inguen/inguinal
Pubis
Gluteus/gluteal
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
Abdomen
Ankle
Arm
Armpit
Back
Back of elbow
Back of knee
Breast
Buttock
Calf
Cheek
Chest
Chin
Ear
Eye
Face
Fingers or toes
Foot
Forearm
Forehead
Front of elbow
Great toe
BIOL 2457 A&P I
CHAPTER 1
Femur/femoral
Patella/patellar
Popliteus/popliteal
Crus/crural
Sura/sural
Tarsus/tarsal
Calcaneus/calcaneal
Pes/pedal
Planta/plantar
Hallux
Phalanges/digits
Axilla/axillary
Brachium/brachial
Antecubitis/antecubital
Olecranon/olecranal
Antebrachium/antebrachial
Carpus/carpal
Manus/manual
Palma/palmar
Pollex
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Groin
Hand
Head
Heel of foot
Kneecap
Leg
Loin
Mouth
Naval
Neck
Nose
Palm
Pelvis
Pubic
Shoulder
Skull
Sole of foot
Thigh
Thumb
Wrist
Define these directional terms.
Anterior/ventral ______________________________________________________
Posterior/dorsal _______________________________________________________
Cranial/cephalic _______________________________________________________
Caudal ______________________________________________________________
Superior_____________________________________________________________
Inferior _____________________________________________________________
Medial ______________________________________________________________
Lateral ______________________________________________________________
Proximal _____________________________________________________________
Distal _______________________________________________________________
Superficial ___________________________________________________________
Deep _______________________________________________________________
BIOL 2457 A&P I
13.
CHAPTER 1
SI
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Explain how the body is divided by these planes/sections.
Sagittal _____________________________________________________________
Midsagittal/median __________________________________________________
Parasagittal________________________________________________________
Frontal/coronal _______________________________________________________
Transverse/horizontal __________________________________________________
14.
List the organs contained in the dorsal body cavity. _____________________________
15.
List the divisions of the ventral body cavity. __________________________________
16.
List the divisions of the thoracic cavity. _____________________________________
17.
What separates the pleural cavities?________________________________________
18.
List the divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity. ________________________________
19.
Name the structure that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. __________
BIOL 2457 A&P I
CHAPTER 1 - Answers
1.
List and define/explain the 7 characteristics of living things.
2.
Define anabolism and give an example.
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Complex and organized.
Metabolism – all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life.
Homeostasis – maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
Growth and development – increase in size and differentiation of cells.
Response to stimuli – irritability and movement
Reproduction – reproduce cells (asexual) and offspring (sexual)
Evolution – ability to change/adapt in order to survive
To build; synthesis. Put glucose molecules together to form a carbohydrate.
Define catabolism and give an example.
To break down; lysis. Break a protein down to its amino acids.
3.
List and define the 5 components of the scientific method.
4.
List and describe the 6 levels of organization.
5.
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9.
Observation – see something
Hypothesis – question based on observation
Experiment – test to support or falsify a hypothesis
Conclusion/Theory – explanation based on experiments reproduced by other individuals
Law – in exact sciences, a general description of a particular phenomenon (occurrence)
Chemical – atoms; combine atoms to make molecules
Cellular – combine molecules to form organelles; organelles are “little organs” in the cell,
each having a particular function
Tissue – group of similar cells working together to form a particular function
Organ – two or more tissues working together to perform several functions
Organ System – several organs working together
Organism – all organ systems working together
Define homeostasis – maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment, with minor
fluctuations in a narrow range
List the 3 components of a homeostatic regulatory mechanism, and give their functions.
Receptor – detects change in environment (stimulus)
Control center – processes information from receptor; sends commands to effector
Effector – cell or organ that responds to command from control center; opposes or
enhances stimulus
Define negative feedback – most common regulatory mechanism; long term control of
internal conditions; maintains parameters within a narrow range
Give an example – maintain blood pressure or heart rate within a narrow range
Define positive feedback – initial stimulus is enhanced/amplified; least common regulatory
mechanism; stimulus is amplified until an end point is reached
Give an example – hypothalamus produces oxytocin that targets smooth muscle of uterus
causing contractions. Sends information to hypothalamus to produce more oxytocin which
results in more contractions. End point – birth of baby.
List some of the organs found in the 4 anatomical quadrants.
Right upper quadrant – liver; part of large intestine
Left upper quadrant – spleen; stomach
Right lower quadrant – parts of large and small intestine; appendix
Left lower quadrant – parts
BIOL 2457 A&P I
CHAPTER 1 - Answers
10.
List some of the organs found in the 9 anatomical regions.
11.
Match the anatomical landmark with its place on the body.
Cephalon
A
Abdomen
Frons/frontal
B
Ankle
Cranium/cranial
C
Arm
Facies/facial
D
Armpit
Oculus/orbital/ocular
E
Back
Bucca/buccal
F
Back of elbow
Auris/otic
G
Back of knee
Nasus/nasal
H
Breast
Oris/oral
I
Buttock
Mentis/mental
J
Calf
Acromial
K
Cheek
Dorsum/dorsal
L
Chest
Cervicis/cervical
M
Chin
Thoracis/thoracic/thorax
N
Ear
Lumbus/lumbar
O
Eye
Mamma/mammilary
P
Face
Abdominal
Q
Fingers or toes
Umbilicus/umbilical
R
Foot
Pelvic
S
Forearm
Inguen/inguinal
T
Forehead
Pubis
U
Front of elbow
Gluteus/gluteal
V
Great toe
Femur/femoral
W
Groin
Patella/patellar
X
Hand
Popliteus/popliteal
Y
Head
Crus/crural
Z
Heel of foot
Sura/sural
AA
Kneecap
Tarsus/tarsal
BB
Leg
Calcaneus/calcaneal
CC
Loin
Pes/pedal
DD
Mouth
Planta/plantar
EE
Naval
Hallux
FF
Neck
Phalanges/digits
GG
Nose
Y
T
LL
P
O
K
N
GG
DD
M
KK
E
FF
L
CC
H
A
EE
II
W
JJ
I
NN
AA
G
BB
J
B
Z
R
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V
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Right hypochondriac – part of liver
Epigastric – part of liver and stomach
Left hypochondriac – spleen; part of stomach
Right lumbar – part of large intestine
Umbilical – part of stomach, large and small intestine
Left lumbar – part of large and small intestine
Right inguinal – part of large intestine
Hypogastric – part of small imtestine; bladder
Left inguinal – part of large intestine
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BIOL 2457 A&P I
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CHAPTER 1 - Answers
Axilla/axillary
Brachium/brachial
Antecubitis/antecubital
Olecranon/olecranal
Antebrachium/antebrachial
Carpus/carpal
Manus/manual
Palma/palmar
Pollex
HH
II
JJ
KK
LL
MM
NN
OO
PP
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Palm
Pelvis
Pubic
Shoulder
Skull
Sole of foot
Thigh
Thumb
Wrist
Define these directional terms.
Anterior/ventral - front
Posterior/dorsal - back
Cranial/cephalic - head
Caudal – tail; end
Superior - above
Inferior - below
Medial – toward midline or axis
Lateral – away from midline or axis
Proximal – near to point of attachment (of limb to trunk)
Distal – far from point of attachment (of limb to trunk)
Superficial – on or near body surface
Deep – away from body surface
Explain how the body is divided by these planes/sections.
Sagittal – divides body in left and right
Midsagittal/median – division in midline of body into equal right and left halves
Parasagittal – division offset from midline; divides body into unequal halves
Frontal/coronal – divides body into anterior and posterior
Transverse/horizontal - divides body into superior and inferior
List the organs contained in the dorsal body cavity – brain and spinal cord
List the divisions of the ventral body cavity - thoracic and abdominopelvic
List the divisions of the thoracic cavity – pleural and pericardial
Name the structure that separates the pleural cavities - mediastinum
List the divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity – peritoneal; abdominal; pelvic
Name the structure that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities - diaphragm
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