Download Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids
Organic Molecules:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid Basics
• Contain instructions to
build proteins
• 2 types:
– DNA
– RNA
Proteins
built from
DNA
instructions
Blueprint
to build
a boat
Nucleic Acid Basics
• Contain instructions to
build proteins
• 2 types:
– DNA
– RNA
• Composed of smaller
units called nucleotides
– Monomer:
Nucleotide
– Polymer: Nucleic
acid
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
Nucleic acid
(polymer)
Nucleotide
Structure
• What’s a nucleotide?
Monomer of nucleic acids
• Three parts
– Sugar molecule
– Phosphate group
– 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases
•
•
•
•
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
adenine
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
thymine
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
Nucleic acid
(polymer)
cytosine
Monomer:
nucleotide
Monomer:
nucleotide
guanine
Nucleotide
Structure
• What’s a nucleotide?
Monomer of nucleic acids
• Three parts
– Sugar molecule
– Phosphate group
– 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases
(A, T, C, or G)
• Nucleotides combine to
make nucleic acids
• Instructions for ribosomes
to make protein
1 min: Discuss with your neighbor
1. How many nucleotides are
pictured? Six
2. What is this long chain of
nucleotides called? Nucleic acid
3. Name the blue shaped
pentagon molecule. Sugar
4. What are these individual
monomers called? Nucleotides
5. What will these instructions
be used to create? Protein
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
• Double Helix: 2 chains of
nucleotides
• Hydrogen bond
connects the two
nucleotides
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
• Double Helix: 2 chains of
nucleotides
• Hydrogen bond
connects the two
nucleotides
• 4 DNA Bases:
– A pairs with T
– C pairs with G
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
• Double Helix: 2 chains of
nucleotides
• Hydrogen bond
connects the two
nucleotides
• Chargaff’s Rules:
– A pairs with T
– C pairs with G
• Gene: section of DNA
that codes for a
protein
Gene A:
Hemoglobin
protein
Gene B:
Keratin
protein
Gene C:
Collagen
protein
1
7
2
8
3
9
4
10
5
11
6
12
Ribonucleic Acid
• Single chain of nucleotides
• Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
Ribonucleic Acid
Physically builds the protein
Instructions to build protein
• Single chain of nucleotides
• Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
• Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosomes
1 min: Discuss with your neighbor
Carbohydrates
Monomer
Polymer
A?
B?
monosaccharide
Proteins
C?
Amino acid
Lipids
D?
polysaccharide
Protein
(polypeptide)
Lipid
Fatty acid, Glycerol
Nucleic acids
E?
Nucleotide
Nucleic acid
Review
Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix,
Nitrogen base
1) Name the monomer of nucleic acids.
2) Draw & Label a nucleotide.
3) How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA?
4) What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond
with?
5) What do you call a section of DNA that codes for a specific
protein?
6) If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the
attached DNA strand read?
7) How are DNA and RNA different? Same?