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Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
SHAKARIM STATE UNIVERSITY OF SEMEY CITY
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CURRICULUM
Of OPTIONAL COMPONENT
MC OC
Edition № 1
from 08.09.2016
MC OC042– 18-10.1.19
/01-2016
DISCIPLINE WORKING CURRICULUM (SYLLABUS)
Name of the discipline: Biochemistry
Amount of credits: 3
Code – specialty name: 5В070100 – Biotechnology
Faculty, Department: Engineering and Technology Faculty, Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies
Semey 2016
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Foreword
1 ELABORATED
Author
Klivenko A.N., PhD, Senior Lecturer
Kassenova N.B., master, Lecturer
__________
__________
«29» 06 2016
«29» 06 2016
2 DISCUSSED
2.1 «Chemistry and Chemical Technologies» chair meeting
Record from «29» 06 2016, № 14.
Head of the chair ____________ B.H. Musabayeva
2.2 Engineering and Technology Faculty Educational and Methodological
Board meeting
Record from «24» 08 2016, № 5/1.
Chairman ______________ A.N. Nurgazezova
3 APPROVED
Approved and recommended to publish at University Educational and
Methodological Board’s meeting
Record from «08» 09 2016, № 1.
Chairman, Vice-rector for Academic and Methodology Work
____________________ G.K. Iskakova
4 IMPLEMENTED for the first time
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CONTENT
1 GENERAL REGULATION
2 COURSE CONTENT AND HOURS DISTRIBUTION BY LESSON TYPES
3 COURSE POLICY
4 GRADING POLICY
5 LITERATURE AND INTERNET-RESOURSES
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1 GENERAL REGULATIONS
1.1 General information about instructor and course
Instructor’s full name: Klivenko Aleksey Nicolaevich
Academic degree, title: PhD, Senior Lecturer
Faculty, chair: The Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Technologies
Contact
information
–
tel.
number:
8
(777) 153-73-23,
[email protected], building № 9, room 418.
e-mail:
1.2 Course short description
Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes
within and related to living organisms. It is a laboratory based science that brings
together biology and chemistry. By using chemical knowledge and techniques,
biochemists can understand and solve biological problems
1.3 Course study aims
To know the molecular basis of life, its main objective is to elucidate the
relationship of the biological functions and molecular structure of substances of
wildlife
1.4 Course study objectives
To give students knowledge about the main sections of biochemistry, practical
skills of research of structure, properties of biopolymers and their structural
components
1.5 Competences (study results)
At the end of the study student has to:
know:
-classification, structure, biological role and metabolic pathways of main
biomolecules included in the animal and plant cells, methods for storing and
transmitting genetic information, the principles of energy transformation in biological
systems, the main methods for the synthesis of biologically active substances,
obtained on the basis of secondary metabolites, their use in industry and medicine,
environmental problems in the technology of synthesizing these compounds and
recycling opportunities during their production;
be able to:
- to solve problems and issues associated with the establishment of the amino
acid sequence of protein structures, the active site of enzymes, biological activity of
co-enzymes and other biomolecules;
have skills:
- synthesis, separation and identification of biologically active compounds;
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1.6 Pre –requisites
1.6.1. «Chemistry»
1.7 Post-requisites
1.7.1. «Food biotechnology»
1.7.2. «The use of enzyme preparations in food production»
1.7.3. «Biotechnology of fermentation production»
1.7.4. «Biotechnology of dairy products»
1.8 Extract from academic curriculum
Extract from academic curriculum in Table 1
Course Term Credits Lecture Practice Lab.
hours
lessons hours
hours
2
3
3
15
15
15
SIW
Total
67,5
112,5
Table 1
Form of
control
exam
2 COURSE CONTENT AND HOURS DISTRIBUTION BY LESSON
TYPES
№
1
1
2
Course content and hours distribution by lesson types presented in Table 2
Table 2
Module. Topic
Hours
Lecture Lab. Practice SIW Literature
2
3
4
5
6
Module 1. Introduction. Metabolic Regulation
Vitamins
1
1
1
5
The content and objectives of
Biochemistry course.
Communication of biochemistry
with other disciplines. General
characteristics of the vitamins.
The mechanism of their action on
the metabolism. The concept of
hypo-, hyper-vitaminosis,
beriberi. The reasons for their
occurrence. Classification of
vitamins. Fat- and water-soluble
vitamins. Provitamins.
Enzymes
1
1
1
5
The concept of the enzymes. The
functions of enzymes and their
7
5.1.1.5.1.7
5.1.1.5.1.7
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4
5
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localization within the cell. The
chemical nature and the structure
of the enzymes. Coenzymes.
Active, substrate, allosteric,
catalytic centers of enzymes.
General properties of enzymes.
Factors affecting the rate of
enzymes. Nomenclature,
classification of enzymes and
their application.
Hormones
1
1
1
General characteristics, role in
metabolism. The mechanism of
action of hormones.
Classification. Characterization of
some representatives of
hormones: thyroid, parathyroid,
pancreas, pituitary, adrenal,
female and male sexual glands,
digestive system and
prostaglandins. Practical use of
hormones.
Module 2. Energy metabolism
Metabolism and energy
1
1
1
Bio-oxidation. The concept of
metabolism and energy. Stages of
metabolism. Assimilation and
dissimilation uniform
interconnected process. Features
of transformation of energy in
living organisms. Bio-oxidation
or tissue respiration. Mechanisms
of tissue respiration – A.N. Bach
and V.I. Palladin’s theory. The
modern concept of biological
oxidation. The respiratory chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation;
energy bio-oxidation effect.
Module 3. Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrates
1
1
1
The value in the metabolism of
carbohydrates. Mono-, di- and
polysaccharides, their structure,
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5
5.1.1.5.1.7
5
5.1.1.5.1.7
4,5
5.1.1.5.1.7
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distribution and the role. The
digestion and absorption of
carbohydrates in the
gastrointestinal tract of animals.
The splitting of fiber. Formation
and breakdown of glycogen in the
liver and muscles.
6 Metabolism of carbohydrates
1
1
1
Anaerobic breakdown of
carbohydrates: glycolysis and
gluconeogenesis. Alcoholic
fermentation. Aerobic metabolism
of lactic acid (lactate) to pyruvate
and acetyl -CoA.
7 Metabolism of carbohydrates
1
1
1
The cycle of the citric acid or
Krebs cycle, its value. Energy
effect of glycolysis and aerobic
oxidation of carbohydrates.
Module 4. Lipid metabolism
8 Lipids
1
1
1
Neutral fats, their structure,
properties and role. Fat-like
substances: phosphatides, sterides their structure. The digestion and
absorption of fats in the
gastrointestinal tract. Role of bile
acids and their meaning.
9 Metabolism of lipids.
1
1
1
Oxidative decay of fats in the
tissues: the oxidation of glycerol,
β-oxidation of fatty acids.
Formation of ketone bodies.
Energy balance. Regulation and
pathology of lipid metabolism.
Module 5. Protein metabolism
Module 5.1. Amino acid metabolism
10 Amino acids - the basic products of
1
1
1
hydrolysis of proteins. Chemical
bonds in the protein molecule.
Levels of structural organization of
the protein molecules.
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4
5.1.1.5.1.7
4
5.1.1.5.1.7
5
5.1.1.5.1.7
4
5.1.1.5.1.7
4
5.1.1.5.1.7
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12
13
14
15
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Classification of proteins both
simple and complex. The concept
of the structure of nucleic acids
(DNA and RNA), and their
functions. The nitrogen balance.
Intermediate exchange of amino
1
1
1
4
acids (deamination,
transamination, decarboxylation).
Ammonia neutralization ways: the
formation of asparagine and
glutamine, urea formation (theory
Krebs).
Module 5.2. Nucleotide metabolism
Nucleic acids
1
1
1
4
Hydrolysis of the complex
proteins. Nucleotides, nucleosides,
purine and pyrimidine bases,
ribose, deoxyribose. The structure
of DNA and RNA.
Metabolism of complex proteins.
1
1
1
4
Digesting the nucleic acids in the
gastrointestinal tract and
intermediate exchange. The
collapse of the purine and
pyrimidine bases: the formation of
hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid.
Gout. Regulation of nucleic acid
metabolism.
Module 6. Protein biosynthesis
Protein biosynthesis, its stages.
1
1
1
5
The concept of the genetic code,
codon and gene cistron. The main
stages of protein biosynthesis: 1)
Arrangement; 2) Recognition; 3)
Broadcast. Pathology and
regulation of protein metabolism
Module 7. Unity and relationship of metabolisms
Unity and relationship of
1
1
1
5
metabolisms
Common patterns of metabolic
interactions. The relationship of
metabolism of carbohydrates and
5.1.1.5.1.7
5.1.1.5.1.7
5.1.1.5.1.7
5.1.1.5.1.7
5.1.1.5.1.7
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fats. The relationship of
metabolism of carbohydrates and
proteins. The relationship of
metabolism of nucleic acids and
proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
Total:
15
15
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15
2.1 Tasks for 1st-2ndMidtermExam.
№
Theme of Midterm Exam
Forms
1
Vitamins. Enzymes. Hormones.
Computer testing
Metabolism and energy.
Photosynthesis. Biological
oxidation.
2
Carbohydrate metabolism. Lipid
Computer testing
metabolism. Protein metabolism.
Protein biosynthesis. Unity and
relationship of metabolisms
67,5
Structure
200 questions,
5 or 4 answer
options,
1 correct answer
200 questions,
5 or 4 answer
options,
1 correct answer
3 COURSE POLICY
Attendance is strictly necessary. If for any reason a student cannot attend, then
a student is responsible for all the material.
Control tasks are required to perform and should be given on time. The work
carried out with a delay, will automatically be assessed below.
The results of the Midterm Examination are marked based on attendance,
performance of students independent work in a timely manner, activity at lessons in
oral or written form, the results of the Midterm Examination.
If a student missed a class and failed to pass the Midterm Exam in a timely
manner due to illness or other valid reasons, documented by the organization, a
student is entitled to an individual passing of Midterm Exam. In this case, specific
date of Midterm Exam is set according to the provided documents.
Any cheating or plagiarism (use, copying works of the other students) is
forbidden, and the student will not be allowed to present at the lesson and / or there
will be penalty assessment "unsatisfactory".
Cell phones must to be turned off during lessons.
4 ACADEMIC GRADING POLICY
In each discipline, irrespective of the number of credits, 600 points are given
for one academic term (1-7 week - 270 points and 30 points for attendance; 8-15
week - 270 points and 30 points for attendance).
The distribution of scores on the weeks and types of knowledge control is
presented in Table 3.
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Table 3
№
week
1
1-7
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
Theme of lab., practical lesson,
Control type
seminar, SIW
2
4
Attendance of all classes
Non - attendance is only
st
th
from 1 up to 7 week
noted
Laboratory work, practical class, seminar, SIW
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
laboratory work: Qualitative
laboratory work
analysis of fat-soluble vitamins
Practical class: Fat-soluble vitamins
speech
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
laboratory work: Qualitative
laboratory work
analysis of water-soluble vitamins
Practical class: Water-soluble
Speech, task performance
vitamins
Preparation, performance of
laboratory work: The general
properties of enzymes –
Report and defence of the
thermolability, specificity and
laboratory work
influence рН on activity of
enzymes
Practical class: Enzymes. General
properties. Mechanism of effect of
Speech, task performance
enzymes. Cofactors coenzymes,
activators, gems
Preparation, performance of
laboratory work: Mechanism of
Report and defence of the
effect of enzymes. Influence of
laboratory work
activators and inhibitors
Practical class: Hormones.
Mechanism of effect of hormones.
Speech, task performance
Hormones of a hypothalamus,
hypophysis and internal glands.
Preparation, performance of
laboratory work: Hormones.
Report and defence of the
Qualitative reactions to insulin and
laboratory work
adrenaline
Practical class: Biological
oxidation. Respiratory chain.
Speech, task performance
Oxidizing phosphorylation
SIW: Photosynthesis
Presentation or report
Total scores
3
30
0
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
50
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6
Preparation, performance of
laboratory work: Metabolism and
Task performance
energy. Biological oxidation
(seminar)
6
Practical class: Carbohydrates.
Formulas of glucose, fructose and
sucrose according to Fischer, Heors Speech, task performance
and Kolli-Tollens. Glycoside
hydroxyl. Types of glycoside bonds
SIW: Biological oxidation
Presentation or report
7
tests
1 Midterm Exam
st
Total scores by the academic results from 1 up to 7th week
8-15
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
Attendance of all types classes
Non- attendance is only
th
th
from 8 up to 15 week
noted
Laboratory work, practical class, seminar, SIW
Preparation, performance of
laboratory work: Metabolism of
Report and defence of the
carbohydrates (anaerobic
laboratory work
breakdown)
Practical class: Anaerobic
breakdown of glucose (glucose Speech, task performance
pyruvate). Alcoholic fermentation.
Lactic fermentation
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
laboratory work: Metabolism of
laboratory work
carbohydrates (aerobic breakdown)
Practical class: Aerobic decay of
glucose (pyruvate - acetyl-CoA Speech, task performance
Krebs Cycle)
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
laboratory work: Carbohydrates
laboratory work
Practical class: Lipids. The
structure of simple and complex
Speech, task performance
lipids
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
laboratory work: Metabolism of
laboratory work
lipids
Practical class: The catabolism of
Speech, task performance
triacylglycerol
SIW: Amino acid metabolism
Presentation or report
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
10
10
50
70
30+270=
300
30
7
8
7
8
7
7
7
7
50
7
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laboratory work: Proteins. Physicolaboratory work
chemical properties
12
Practical class: The structure of 20
Speech, task performance
--amino acids. Classification of
proteins
13
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
laboratory work: Metabolism of
laboratory work
proteins.
13
Practical class: Intermediate
exchange of amino acids
(deamination, transamination,
decarboxylation). Ways to
Speech, task performance
neutralize the ammonia. Catabolism
and anabolism of glycine and
tyrosine.
SIW: DNA and RNA
Presentation or report
14
Preparation, performance of
Report and defence of the
laboratory work: The exchange of
laboratory work
water and minerals
14
Practical class: The structure of
DNA and RNA: ribose,
deoxyribose, purine and pyrimidine
Speech, task performance
bases, nucleotides, nucleosides. A
fragment of DNA and RNA
molecules.
15
2 Midterm Exam
Total scores by the academic results from 8th up to 15th week
Examination total score
Academic period score
7
7
7
50
7
7
70
30+270=
300
400
1000
Notice:
Column 1 indicates number of the week on which the control of knowledge of
students;
Column 2 indicates the theme of class that the student should learn in the
corresponding week;
Column 3 provides a type of knowledge control;
Column 4 lists the maximum points that the student receives for completed
tasks;
These points are recorded by a teacher in an electronic register.
The student is allowed for the exam on the subject, if student total rating ranges
from 300 to 600 points per semester, and if the student has no missed assignment on
disciplines that are prerequisites of the discipline.
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The examination of the discipline is defined as the sum of the maximum
performance indicators: total certification (60%), exam (40%), which is 100%.
Final evaluation of students' knowledge on the subject is determined by the
scale (Table 4).
Table 4
Score grading alphabetic scale of knowledge assessment
Letter grade
Grade point value
Percentage
А
АВ+
В
ВС+
С
СД+
Д
F
4,0
3,67
3,33
3.00
2,67
2,33
2,00
1,67
1,33
1,00
0,00
95-100
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
0-49
Traditional grading
scale
Excellent
Good
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
5 LITERATURE AND INTERNET-RESOURSES
5.1 Basic literature
5.1.1 D. Hames, N. Hooper Biochemistry - Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006
5.1.2 Сеитов З.С. Биохимия. –Алматы: Агроуниверситет, 2000.-897 с.
5.1.3 Биологическая химия/под ред. Н.И. Ковалевской.-М.: Академия,
2009.-255 с.
5.1.4 Коваленко Л.В. Биохимические основы химии биологически
активных веществ. –М.: Бином. Лаборатория знаний, 2010.-228 с.
5.1.5 Сейітов Қ.С. Биологиялық химия.-Алматы: «Қайнар» университеті,
1992.-384 б.
5.1.6 Қайырханов Қ.К. Жануарлар биохимиясы.- Алматы: Ана тілі, 2004.200 б.
5.1.7 Кайрханов К.К. Методические указания к лабораторным занятиям
по биохимии /издание третье, переработанное и дополненное/ Семипалатинск,
ЦНТИ, 2003.
5.2 Additional literature
5.2.1 Березов Т.Т., Коровкин Б.Ф., Биохимия. -Москва: 2000.-520 с.
5.2.2 Строев Е.А. Биологическая химия. -М.: 1986.-480 с.
5.2.3 Николаев А.Я. Биохимия. -Москва: 1989.-495 с.
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5.2.4 Строев Е. А., Макарова А. А., Практикум по биологической химии. М.: «Высшая школа», 1986. -231с.
5.3 Internet-resources
5.3.1 Ridgway N., McLeod R., Vance J.E., Vance D. Biochemistry of Lipids,
Lipoproteins and Membranes, 624 pages. Elsevier, 2012.
http://www.elsevier.com/books/biochemistry-of-lipids-lipoproteins-andmembranes/ridgway/978-0-444-53219-0
5.3.2 John W. Pelley, Edward F. Goljan Rapid Review Biochemistry//Chapter
3 – Membrane biochemistry and Signal Transduction, 208 pages. Elsevier, 2011.
http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/biochemistry/rapid-review-biochemistrypaperback/9780323068871/
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