Download Evolution Test Review Answers 2015 Trace the history of the theory

Evolution Test Review Answers 2015
Trace the history of the theory.
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Miller and Urey were trying to see where organic molecules came from by simulating early
conditions of early earth.
The endosymbiotic theory explains that eukaryotes came from prokaryotes
The evidence of the endosymbiotic theory explains that mitochondria and chloroplasts contain
DNA and ribosomes similar to bacteria (prokaryotes) and mitochondria and chloroplasts
reproduce by binary fission just like bacteria.
Lynn Margulis is credited with the endosymbiotic theory.
Galapagos Islands
Evolution through natural selection
The six main points of his Darwin’s theory is:
i. There is variation among population
ii. There is an overproduction of offspring
iii. Three is a struggle for survival, competition for food and shelter
iv. The fittest survive and reproduce
v. Heritable variations are passed onto offspring
vi. Giving way to “decent with modification”
Lamarck theory of evolution is Use and Disuse theory – selective use or disuse of organs,
organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime
Characteristics acquired over an organism’s lifetime cannot be passed on to their offspring.
10. Gradualism - explanation that evolution involves a slow and steady accumulation of changes
over a period of time
11. Punctuated equilibrium - Explanation that evolution involves a slow and steady accumulation of
changes over a period of time
12. Convergent evolution involves a slow and steady accumulation of changes over a period of time
while divergent involves a slow and steady accumulation of changes over a period of time.
13. Homologous structures
14. Analogous structures.
15. Common ancestor is an organism that two or more organisms evolved from.
16. Organisms that descended from common ancestors will have similar structures but may look
different because they may be adapted for different functions.
17. Divergent
18. Convergent
19. Darwin’s finches
20. The body shape of a dolphin and a shark.
21. Comparing the embryos of organisms? Embryos of vertebrates such as fish bird rabbit and
human embryos are similar in appearance in the early stages. They all have gill slits, a twochambered heart and tail with muscles to move it. Later, on, as the embryos grow and develop
they become less and less similar.
a. The similarities suggest they evolved from a common ancestor
22. Comparative biochemistry? All organisms use ATP, DNA and RNA and how they build proteins
from amino acids is nearly identical.
a. The similarities suggest they evolved from a common ancestor.
23. Comparative anatomy comparing the body structures of different organisms and looking for
similarities. As Darwin pointed out, the forelimbs of such animals as humans, porpoises, bats,
and other creatures are strikingly similar, even though the forelimbs are used for different
purposes (that is, lifting, swimming, and flying, respectively). Darwin proposed that similar
forelimbs have similar origins, and he used this evidence to point to a common ancestor for
modern forms. He suggested that various modifications are nothing more than adaptations to
the special needs of modern organisms.
a. The similarities suggest they evolved from a common ancestor.
24. Vestigial structures are structure that serves no useful function in an organism
a. Pelvic Bones in whales and the appendix in human beings.
b. The provide evidence that organisms changed over time.
25. Preserved remains of an organism.
a. Organisms preserved in ice, amber and sedimentary rock.
b. Organisms changed over time.
26. 4.5/4.6 billion years
27. Prokaryotes
a. 3.5 billion years
28. Relative dating compares fossils found in different layers of earth. Deeper the fossil the older
the fossil. Radiometic dating uses tools to calculate the actual age of the fossil.
29-37 – Students look up definitions.
39-42 – Students use your notes
43. Coevolution is a change in the genetic composition of one species (or group) in response to a
genetic change in another.
a. Slower prey organisms in a population tend to become dinner first. The faster ones will
survive and reproduce making succeeding populations faster. At the same time the predators will
be evolving in response to faster prey.
b. Some plants have evolved to look like female insects or have structures that are specific to
one particular type of insect. Plants depend on these insects for pollination
44. Artificial selection/selective breeding is breeding organism based on desired characteristics.
a. Only desired characteristics are kept in artificial selection, just like only desired characteristics are
kept in natural selection.
45. Structural adaptations are physical features of an organism that help it survive. Long talon
(claws) of an eagle for catching prey.
46. Any behavior an organism does that helps it survive. Birds migrating south for the winter.
47. A metabolic adjustment within the cell, or tissues of an organism in response to an
environmental stimulus, resulting in the improved ability of that organism to cope with its changing
environment.
48. Digestive enzymes, hemoglobin, bioluminescence
49. The natural or genetic ability of an organism to resists anything that is trying to destroy it.
50. Organisms can become resistant through natural selection and mutations.
51. A population of bacteria for example can become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics
continually destroy weaker types. Stronger more resistant ones survive reproduce and pass on
these characteristics.