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Evolution Review
Get out your journals! Turn to
Evolution Stations!
Charles Darwin
• Father of:
– Evolution
• Evolution states: all life
as we know it came from
•A common
Ancestor
Peppered Moth Story
-
Industrial Revolution Time Period
Fossil Record
• Comparing fossils from older, more
primitive species, to younger, more
complex species in rock layers
document that evolution has
occurred.
Homologous structures
•Same Structure/physical traits
Analogous Structures
•Same Functions/Different Organisms
Examples:
Bird and Bat
Wings
Vestigial organs
• Organs that serve no useful function in
organisms.
• Humans: Appendix
• Whales: Pelvic Bone
Having lots of species in an area
Biodiversity
Differences in Genes
Variations
These 2 factors lead to increased survival in
populations.
Geographic Isolation:
• physical barriers that lead to the
development of new species
–Mountains
–Oceans
Natural Selection
• Survival of the fittest”
• Those that are better suited to their
environment (better phenotypes or
physical characteristics) survive and
reproduce successfully
Mutation
2. Mutations
• A mistake in DNA that
contributes to the
variation (introduction of
new genes) of a species
and is very important in
evolution.
Gene Flow
• Organism’s moving in and out
of an area to search for……..
–Hunt for food
–Living space
–Other resources
GENETIC DRIFT
• A change in the population because of
a random event, such as a catastrophe
• The smaller the population, the less
genetic variety it has.
traits can be lost from one generation to the
next.
Based on this Cladogram, which organism
is most closely related to the Chimp?
-Mouse
Based on this Cladogram, all of the
organisms have jaws except:
-Hagfish
The Galapagos Island
• Darwin’s visit to these islands, the
differences in the animals, and his
observations that habitat can affect the
adaptations of organisms.
Behavioral Isolation
Camouflage
Allows organism to hide from predators
The Genetic Basis of Evolution
Gene Pool
• are all of the alleles (alternate forms of genes) in
all of the individuals that make up a population.
Temporal Isolation
• These are closely related species, but the
American toad mates in the early part of
summer, while the Fowler's toad mates
later in the season.
Adaptation
• A advantageous trait that allows an
organism to better survive.
– Ex. Venom
– Ex. Camoflauge
Embryology
• similarities in the early embryos indicated
that they descended from a common
ancestor
Gradualism
• Evolution happening slowly.
Punctuated Equilibrium
• Evolution in a short period of time usually
due to some kind of event.