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Mitochondria – ATP Synthase John Walker – Martin Montgomery In your body the electric motor enzyme ATP Synthase driven by protons – not electrons – catalyses the reaction: ADP + P → ATP A protons neutralise negatively charged groups on the stator causing it to turn www.bioc.aecom.yu.edu A rotating central spindle opens and closes the cavity gaps allowing ADP and P in and ATP out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_synthase Meccano Clockwork Motor Hornby Metropolitan Londom Subway Engine ATP synthase (EC 3.6.3.14) is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the most commonly used "energy currency" of cells from most organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and needs energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ATP synthase + ADP + Pi → ATP Synthase + ATP Energy is often released in the form of protium or H+, moving down an electrochemical gradient, such as from the lumen into the stroma of chloroplasts or from the inter-membrane space into the matrix in mitochondria. rotating spindle opens and closes the cavities ADP + P enter A protons neutralise negatively charged groups on the stator causing it to turn ATP ejected An electric motor driven by protons in water ! ADP and P enter the cavities and combine to form ATP ATP ejected A protons neutralise negatively charged groups on the stator causing it to turn – this is a real electric motor – driven by protons – NB in aqueous media!!!! Central rotating spindle opens and closes the cavities to allow ADP to enter and ATP to escape Balmoos and Dimroth This is a real electric motor – driven by protons (not electrons) – NB in water !!!! Paul Boyer and John Walker ATP ejected ADP + Pi enter cavity rotating spindle opens and closes the cavities Protons neutralise –vely charged moiety on rotor causing rotor to rotate 30o ATP Synthase Paul Boyer John Walker