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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN AND GUIDELINES FOR INCORPORATING AN (EBA) TO ADAPT INTO A NATIONAL ICZM POLICY
Jonathan McCue – International ICZM Consultant
Date:
17th September 2014
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Purpose of the talk
a)  Briefly introduce the objectives and expected
outcomes of the current consultancy to design a
Coastal Adaptation Response Plan (CARP),
b)  Identify and prioritize appropriate ecosystem based
adaptation (EBA) options for southwest Tobago
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Samoa 2014 SIDS Conference
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Project Specific Tasks
¨ 
¨ 
¨ 
¨ 
¨ 
Identify all potential impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems in
Southwest Tobago;
Develop an adaptation response plan for coastal ecosystems and action plan
for its implementation in Southwest Tobago;
Develop a methodology for the mainstreaming of climate change
considerations into coastal zone management;
Identify guidelines for the incorporation of an Ecosystem Based Adaptation
(EBA) into an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Policy.
Include recommendations for mobilizing climate finance resources, which will
also involve coordination with the Government and Development Partners and
focus on leveraging climate finance.
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Project Specific Tasks
¨ 
¨ 
¨ 
¨ 
¨ 
Identify all potential impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems in
Southwest Tobago;
Develop an adaptation response plan for coastal ecosystems and action plan
for its implementation in Southwest Tobago;
Develop a methodology for the mainstreaming of climate change
considerations into coastal zone management;
Identify guidelines for the incorporation of an Ecosystem Based Adaptation
(EBA) into an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Policy.
Include recommendations for mobilizing climate finance resources, which will also
involve coordination with the Government and Development Partners and focus
on leveraging climate finance.
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Climate Change Adaptation Response Planning
v coastal adaptation?
Climate adaptation planning is an unfolding discipline…..
…….yet coastal adaptation planning is even more daunting!!.
WHY?
1.  Coastal eco-systems are different, communities are also dynamic.
.
2.  Costing is difficult, projection is not that easy.
3.  Everything is diverse! (from finance to technological choices, policy
analysis to institutional setting).
4.  Monitoring also requires more prudent multi-disciplinary approaches
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Definitions
“Actions taken to help communities and ecosystems cope with changing climate
condition” (UNFCCC).
“Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected
climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities” (IPCC)
“A process by which .strategies to moderate, cope with and take advantage of
the consequences of climatic events are enhanced, developed, and
implemented” (UNDP)
“The process or outcome of a process that leads to a reduction in harm or risk
of harm, or realization of benefits associated with climate variability and
climate change” (UKCIP)
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Coastal System Drivers for Adaptation
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Climate Change Adaptation Response Planning (CCARP)
Whether it be coastal
adaptation planning, resilient
infrastructure or adaptation in
general, multi-sectoral and
multidisciplinary approaches
are needed.
.
This requires a different way of
thinking, reaching out beyond
both disciplinary and
institutional barriers and
fostering more collaborative
approaches and delivery
mechanisms.
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Typically “quoted” CCA Challenges
•  “Not enough data to undertake analysis”
•  “Existing data not readily available”
•  “Numerous data formats”
•  “Poor or questionable data quality”
•  “Scale of the data not sufficient”
•  “Metadata non-existent or scant”
•  “Lack of a data sharing mechanism”
•  “Lack of capacity to generate and/or
interpret risk or vulnerability”
Need to build
capacity to help
transform data into
knowledge and
wisdom (to improve
decision making)
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Understanding the Adaptation Terminology (Tobago)
¨ 
¨ 
¨ 
Adaptive capacity – building the capacity of the Tobagoan
population to adapt will provide a foundation for anticipating
and adjusting to changing climate conditions
Adaptive action – adaptive capacity must be applied to
specific decisions and actions to directly reduce vulnerability
on the coast (THA etc)
Sustained development – tools to help deliver successful
sustainable development despite the continuing change posed
by climate change (and DRM!).
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Early warning/early action
Life-saving
measures
Response
capacity
Environmental
protection
Livelihood
protection
Capacity
development of
national/local
authorities and
communities
Disaster Preparedness
Stockpiling
Community-based disaster risk
management/reduction
Temporary
shelters
Urban Planning
•  Construction
norms
Natural resource
management
Income
diversification
•  Socio-economic
stabilization
•  Livelihoods
Greening the
economy
Time
DRM
DRR
CCA
Adapted from: http://www.iom.int/Template/migration-climate-change-environmental-degradation/interactive-factsheet/index.html
Draft Contents of a Climate Change Adaptation Response Plan
Adaptation Thematic Areas
Public health
Adaptation “Tools”
Policy/planning
Water
security
Capacity building/awareness
Livelihoods
Food security
Information management
Investment decisions
Coastal zones
Land
Pilot Projects on coastal EbA
Adapted from UNDP
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation (EbA):
The use of biodiversity and ecosystem services to help people
adapt to the adverse effects of climate change
‘… that takes into account the multiple social, economic and
cultural co-benefits for local communities'.
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Ecosystem Based Management (UNEP 2011)
EBA projects must:
1.  be implemented where climate
change on the coast is being
recorded and influencing
vulnerable communities and
biologically significant
ecosystems
2.  address and offer solutions to
specific human vulnerabilities
to climate change
3.  engage key communities,
decision-makers, stakeholders
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
EbA/CCA Questions to be asked (under an ICZM Policy for Tobago)
Nationally
¨  What is the potential coastal loss and where?
¨  How much coastal loss can be averted and with what actions?
¨ 
Where can coastal adaptation actions be placed?
Locally
¨  How coastal adaptation sites are (or should be)designed?
¨  How coastal community capacity and awareness is increased?
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
CCA and EBA Mainstreaming Approach
USAID 2009 “Adapting to
Coastal Climate Change”
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
CCA and EBA Mainstreaming Approach
EbA techniques (options along a coastal profile)
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Ecologically Active (Grey) Infrastructure
http://www.econcretetech.com/
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Building EbA Resiliency into Structures
Near shore breakwater
Beach replenishment
Revetment
Ridge maintenance
Land reclamation
Over water structures
Low resiliency
Moderate resiliency
High resiliency
Ecological/Morphological ImplicaCons / EsCmate of Cost to achieve Engineering Resilience / Design Considerations Option 2 Modification to existing
adjacent structures strategic design to improve overall coastal
protection performance
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
CCA and EBA Mainstreaming Approach
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Mainstreaming of Coastal EBA
• 
Enhance the understanding of and capacity to implement EBA through
building the scientific and economic foundation, decision support tools and
approaches and policy guidelines for EBA;
• 
Assist local communities with EBA by providing EBA guidelines and best
practices documentation and outreach;
• 
Increase awareness and influence policy and public funding to incorporate
EBA into policies and standards;
• 
Engage the hazard mitigation community (insurance agencies, etc.) to use
EBA approaches to jointly achieve hazard mitigation and conservation
objectives.
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
CCA and EBA Mainstreaming Approach
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Coastal Setback
Design Considerations Option 1: Modification of individual
structure design (pre-construction) to improve individual structure
performance
Seawall Hard Defence options
Typically 1 in 5 to
20 year SoP
Harmonise to
1 in 50 year
SoP
Patch & repair existing walls/
revetments
Repair & replace existing walls/revetments
to ensure level
Harmonise to
1 in 50 year
SoP to 2060
Repair & replace existing walls/revetments
to ensure level
Sheet pile wall improve to 1 in 100 year
SOP
Floodgates
SoP = Standard of Protection
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
CCA and EBA Mainstreaming Approach
Piloting the Integration of Coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
Possible Principles for EbA (for the ICZM Policy to embrace)
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Promote the resilience of societies and ecosystems
Promote multi-sectoral approaches
Operate at multiple geographical scales
Integrate flexible management structures that enable adaptive
management
5.  Minimize trade-offs and maximize benefits with development
and conservation goals
6.  Base EbA decisions/actions on best available science and local
knowledge and foster knowledge generation and diffusion
7.  Ensure any EbA intervention is participatory, transparent,
accountable, culturally appropriate and actively embraces equity
and gender issues
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Thinking Differently is key….
.
"We cannot solve our
problems with the same
thinking we used when we
created them.“ (Albert Einstein 1908)
Thinking differently
Medical schools have to revisit how and what they teach their students
to improve the quality of medical care,
So coastal planning and engineering professions need to review their
thinking of CCA…is there more than one “tool” needed in their “box”
Better linkages with business and management sectors could “open the
door” to discussions CARP and EBA implementation.
Piloting the Integration of coastal Zone Management and Climate Change Adaptation in
Tobago
TC No./Grant No. ATN/OC-L3321-TT
THANKYOU
Jonathan McCue