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What was Mendel most notably known for? a. b. c. d. Father of Genetics Father of Evolution Father of the Jews Father of Molecular Biology Why did he study pea plants? a. b. c. d. Easy to grow Self-fertilizing Could study many generations All of the above Today, biologists refer to Mendel's factors as ____________. a. b. c. d. Gametes Genes RNA Cytoplasm Organisms that have two of the same alleles for a particular gene are called ________. a. b. c. d. Heterozygous Gametes Dihybrids Homozygous Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular gene are called ________. a. b. c. d. Heterozygous Gametes Dihybrids Homozygous When we have 46 chromosomes lined up by size and shape, it is called _____________. a. b. c. d. Sequencing Karyotype Ordering Factoring Green is dominant to yellow. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a heterozygous female and a homozygous dominant male a. Geno: 25%(GG), 50% (Gg), 25% (gg) – Pheno: 50% green, 50% yellow b. Geno: 25%(GG), 50% (Gg), 25% (gg) – Pheno: 75% green, 25% yellow c. Geno: 50%(GG), 50% (Gg), 0% (gg) – Pheno: 100% green, 0% yellow d. Geno: 0%(GG), 50% (Gg), 75% (gg) – Pheno: 0% green, 100% yellow Organisms are products of their __________ and of their environment. a. b. c. d. Heredity Color Mitochondria Dermis a. b. c. d. Cloning produces organisms that have _____________. Identical genes All dominant genes All recessive genes 2 complete sets of chromosomes Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method of producing many copies of a tiny sample of ______. a. b. c. d. DNA Chloroplasts Heart cells Blood Humans have a total of ____ pairs of chromosomes. a. b. c. d. 17 23 100 46 Normal Human Female organisms have ______. a. b. c. d. One X and one Y chromosomes No X chromosomes Two Y chromosomes Two X chromosomes The blood type of a person with one B gene and one A gene is ___. a. b. c. d. A AB O B What is a pedigree? a. b. c. d. Dog food Chart used to look at a family’s genetic traits Graph used to look at DNA Sequencing of gene. This is an example of ________. a. Hemophilia b. Down syndrome (nondisjunction) c. Sickle cell anemia d. Color blindness When an organism that is homozygous dominant is crossed with an organism that is homozygous recessive, a. All the offspring will have the phenotype of the dominant parent b. Some will have the phenotype of the dominant parent and some for the recessive parent c. You can’t tell from this information d. The offspring will have varying genotypes. The field of biology that studies inheritance of traits is _____. a. b. c. d. Ecology Embryology Heredity Genetics Because only tall plants were produced when purebred short and tall plants were crossed, Mendel concluded that the tall trait is ______. a. b. c. d. Dominant Pure Recessive Hidden Pieces of DNA from one kind of organism that contains DNA from another kind of organism is called ______. a. b. c. d. RNA Hybrids Plasmids Recombinant DNA The science of classifying things is called _____. a. b. c. d. Taxonomy Evolution Embryology Phylogeny The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by____. a. b. c. d. Darwin Linnaeus Ray Aristotle Which of the following is not a reason to classify organisms? a. To make it easier to identify unknown organisms b. To show relationships among organisms c. To organize information about different types of organisms d. To provide organisms with Latin names What does a Scientific name consist of? A. Kingdom order B. Class species C. Phylum Genus D. Genus species What is the correct way of writing the scientific name for a Lion? A. panthera leo B. Panthera leo C. Panthera leo D. panthera Leo Which of the following is not used to classify organisms? a. b. c. d. Common names Physical appearance Embryology Chromosome structure The most closely related organisms belong to the same a. b. c. d. Kingdom Species Genus Order The meadow rose (Rosa blanda), cherry tree (Prunus avium), apple tree (Malus pumila), and moss rose (Rosa centifolia) all belong to the Rosaceae Family. The 2 plants that belong to the same genus are the ___. a. b. c. d. Apple tree and cherry tree Moss rose and meadow rose Moss rose and apple tree Meadow rose and cherry tree The Classification group with the most different kinds of organisms is _____. a. b. c. d. Genus Family Kingdom Phylum All of the following are part of Darwin’s theory of evolution except ____. a. b. c. d. Competition Variations Acquired characteristics Survival of the fittest The process of evolution through slow change is called _____. a. b. c. d. Gradualism Punctuated equilibrium Speciation Variations The Kaibab squirrel and Abert squirrel live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. The development of these 2 species of squirrels from a common ancestor was most likely a result from ___. a. b. c. d. Mutation then migration Gradualism Geographic isolation Mutation All of the following can cause changes in the gene pool of a population except ____. a. b. c. d. Migration Natural selection Overproduction Mutations All the blackbirds that live in a certain forest make up a _____. a. b. c. d. Migration Kingdom Phylum Population According to the theory of natural selection, organisms that are well adapted to their environment ___. a. Usually migrate elsewhere b. Survive to pass on their traits to their offspring c. Add new genes to the gene pool d. Form a population The major cause for changes in the gene pool of a population is _____. a. b. c. d. Natural selection Mutation Migration Reproductive isolation Geographic isolation occurs when _____. a. Organisms in a population can no longer produce offspring b. The structure of a gene changes c. A physical barrier separates 2 populations d. Members of species move into a population Purple flowers is dominant to white flowers. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a heterozygous female and a heterozygous male a. Geno: 25%(PP), 50% (Pp), 25% (pp) – Pheno: 50% purple, 50% white b. Geno: 25%(PP), 50% (Pp), 25% (pp) – Pheno: 75% purple, 25% white c. Geno: 50%(PP), 50% (Pp), 0% (pp) – Pheno: 100% purple, 0% white d. Geno: 0%(PP), 50% (Pp), 75% (pp) – Pheno: 0% purple, 100% white Brown hair is dominant to gray hair. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a homozygous dominant female and a homozygous dominant male a. Geno: 25%(BB), 50% (Bb), 25% (bb) – Pheno: 50% brown, 50% grey b. Geno: 25%(BB), 50% (Bb), 25% (bb) – Pheno: 75% brown, 25% grey c. Geno: 50%(BB), 50% (Bb), 0% (bb) – Pheno: 100% brown, 0% grey d. Geno: 100%(BB), 0% (Bb), 0% (bb) – Pheno: 100% brown, 0% grey Tall plants is dominant to short plants. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a homozygous recessive female and a homozygous recessivemale a. Geno: 25%(TT), 50% (Tt), 25% (tt) – Pheno: 50% tall, 50% short b. Geno: 25%(TT), 50% (Tt), 25% (tt) – Pheno: 75% tall, 25% short c. Geno: 0%(TT), 0% (Tt), 100% (tt) – Pheno: 0% tall, 100% short d. Geno: 0%(TT), 50% (Tt), 75% (tt) – Pheno: 0% tall, 100% short Dimples is dominant to no dimples. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a heterozygous female and a heterozygous male a. Geno: 25%(DD), 50% (Dd), 25% (dd) – Pheno: 50% dimples, 50% no dimples b. Geno: 50%(DD), 50% (Dd), 0% (dd) – Pheno: 100% dimples, 0% no dimples c. Geno: 0%(DD), 50% (Dd), 75% (dd) – Pheno: 0% dimples, 100% no dimples d. Geno: 25%(DD), 50% (Dd), 25% (dd) – Pheno: 75% dimples, 25% no dimples