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7th Grade Atomic Structure and Periodic Table of Elements Vocabulary and Essential Questions Atomic Structure Essential Questions: 1. What is an element? An element is a pure substance that is made from a single type of atom. 2. What is a compound? A compound is a molecule made of atoms from different elements. 3. What is the difference between and element and a compound? An element is a substance that contains only one type of atom. A compound is composed of more than one atom of different elements. 4. How are compounds a part of our daily life? There are millions of different compounds around you. Probably everything you can see is one type of compound or another.. Examples: salt, sugar, water, aspirin, baking soda, etc. Word 1. Atom 2. nucleus Definition Basic building block of all matter. Made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The region in the center of the atom where most of an atom’s mass is found. Picture 3. proton positively charged particle, found in the nucleus, takes up half the mass in an atom. 4. neutron Has a neutral or no charge, found in the nucleus, takes up half the mass of the atom. 5. electron Negative charge, found outside the nucleus of the atom, moves very rapidly around the electron shells, very light and takes up the volume of an atom. 6. energy levels The electrons orbit around the nucleus of the atom. They stay (shells)/orbitals/rings/ in layers called shells. Each shell can only contain a certain electron shells number of electrons. 7. atomic number This is the number of protons in each atom. Found above the element symbol on the PTE. 8. atomic mass The total mass of one atom of an element. It is the mass of the protons, electrons, and neutrons combined. Found underneath element symbol on PTE. 9. element An element is a pure substance that is made from a SINGLE type of atom. 10. compound A compound is a molecule made of 2 or more atoms from different elements. 11. valence electron The electrons that are found on the outermost shell and are responsible for bonding. 12. molecule A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. Periodic Table of Elements Essential Questions: 1. What is the PTE? A chart of elements arranged into rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties. 2. How is the PTE organized? Today, the periodic table organizes the elements in horizontal rows, or periods, by order of increasing atomic number, which equals the number of protons in the atomic nucleus of each element. 3. What is the PTE purpose? The purpose of the PTE is to arrange elements according to reactivity behavior, molecular weight and atomic number, to make classification easier and organized. 4. What characteristic properties classify elements as metals, nonmetals and metalloids? Metals – shiny, ductile, malleable, good conductor of electricity and thermal energy, has luster, all solids at room temperature (except mercury) Nonmetals – most are gases at room temperature, those that are solid at room temp have a dull luster and are brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity Metalloids – acts a a semiconductor, at high temperatures they are good conductors of electricity, at low temperatures stops electricity from flowing 5. What significance do the elements play in our daily life? Chemistry is all around us. We use it in the kitchen while cooking (chemical reactions), and we even use it in when dying our hair. There are many elements that we use everyday Word Definition Picture 1. Periodic Table of Elements A chart of elements arranged into rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties. 2. Dmitri Mendeleev Russian chemist that discovered the PTE 3. Henry Moseley His work led to a revision of the periodic table by rearranging the elements by their atomic numbers. 4. metals Elements found to the left of the zig zag line on the PTE. Has characteristics such as malleable, ductile and good conductors of electricity. 5. nonmetals Elements found to the right of the zig zag line on the PTE. Has characteristics such as gases at room temperature, solid at room temp, have a dull luster, poor conductors of heat and electricity, good insulators 6. metalloids Elements that are found bordering the zig zag line. Acts as a semiconductor, at high temperatures they are good conductors of electricity, at low temperatures stops electricity from flowing 7. ductile The term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire. 8. malleable A term used to describe material that can be pounded into shapes 9. periods A horizontal row of elements in the Periodic Table of Elements. 10. groups/families Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table 11. Alkali Metals Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table. 12. Alkaline Earth Metals Elements in Group 2 of the periodic table. 13. Transition Metals elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table. 14. periodic In a repeating pattern.