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Q: What do autotrophs make? • What is an autotroph? Types? • What is a heterotroph? Types? Matter and Energy • How does matter moves through an ecosystem? • How does energy move through the trophic levels? The Carbon Cycle The Nitrogen Cycle What is responsible for most of the nitrogen fixation? Succession • What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? • How do you know what stage in success an area is in? Levels of Organization Weather Vs. Climate • Weather is a daily measure, climate is long term Greenhouse Effect • What is it? • What are green house gases? • Why is this important to know? Niche • What is a niche? • What is the principle of competitive exclusion? • Why can’t two organisms share the same niche Symbiotic Relationships • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism Populations • • • • • • Range Population density Age structure Immigration vs. emigration Logistical vs. exponential growth Carrying capacity Resources • What is sustainable development? • Renewable vs. non-renewable Cell Structure and Function Organelles • Ribosomes • Chloroplast • Mitochondria • Nucleolus • Lysosome • Cell membrane Plants, Animals, bacteria • Compare/contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes • What are the main differences between plant and animal cells Membrane Transport • Diffusion – the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration • Osmosis – diffusion of water • Facilitated diffusion – uses a membrane protein channel to move stuff in • Active transport – requires energy to move materials through a membrane transport protein Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration • Todays units will be… – Photosynthesis – Respiration – Cells • ET: Look up the equations for photo synthesis and cellular respiration – Write them in words – Write them in symbols ATP – How does ATP release the energy stored in it? • Stored chemical energy that cells use • Comes from the energy store in the glucose you get from your food • Cellular respiration makes atp in the mitochondria Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration • How are the two connected? • How are they similar? • How are they different? Photosynthesis – see book diagram ch. 8 • What: The process of making glucose using the energy from light, water, and carbon dioxide • Where: Happens in the chloroplast • When: all the time – there are reactions that require light (day) and reactions that do not require light (night) • How: The light dependents reactions in the thylakoid and the light independent reactions (Calvin cycle) in the stroma Respiration – see book diagram ch. 9 • What: The process of making cellular energy, ATP, from oxygen and glucose • Where: The mitochondria • When: all the time • How: glycolysis (breaking glucose) – krebs cycle – electron transport • Fermentation? Cells – Structure and Function • “Euk’s have a Nuk” • Structures: Cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrion, ribosome, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, glogi) • Membrane: Phospholipid bilayer • Transport: Diffusion (osmosis and facilitated diffusion), active transport Chemistry ch. 2 • Todays topics will be… – DNA, Genes, and Protein Synthesis – Chemistry of life – Enzymes and Proteins • ET: What are the 4 macromolecules of life? – What are their monomers called? – What are their polymers called? Chemistry • What are atoms made of? • What is a compound? • • • • DNA Structure Made of Nucleotides: phosphate, sugar, base Bases: guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine G-CAT DNA – Chromosomes – Genes – Amino Acids Proteins Chemical Reactions in Cells • What are the 4 major biological molecules? • What do enzymes do? Ecology – chapters 3, 4, 5, 6 • Todays Units – Population Density – Limiting factors • Population graphs • Biodiversity • sustainability – Biological Evolution • What is population Density? Transfers and Cycles of Matter and Energy • Energy flows and mater cycles through an ecosystem (ch. 3) – – – – Producers/consumers Food chains/food webs Carbon cycle pg. 83 Nitrogen cycle pg. 84 Population Density – Ch. 5.1 • Pg. 132 Factors that affect PD: birth rate, death rate, and the rate of immigration and emigration. • Exponential Growth: rapid increase in a population due to lac of competition for resources Limiting Factors – Ch. 5.2 • There are 5 limiting factors pg. 137 fig. 5-6 • What does “density dependent” mean? Biodiversity? • How does biodiversity contribute to sustainability of an ecosystem? (Ch. 6) Ch. 4 vocabulary – Nich vs. Habitat – Tolerance – Competitive exclusion principle – Keystone species: species that plays a major role in an ecosystem Sustainability/Sustainable Development • Sustainable development provides for human needs wile preserving the ecosystems that produce natural resources – Renewable vs. non-renewable resources – Desertification – Deforestation – Biological magnification