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Understanding Diabetes Mr. Alvarez Health Science © 2008 What is Diabetes? A chronic disease (lasts a long time) where the person’s body either: a) loses the ability to make enough insulin (a hormone) = Type 1 or b) the body can’t use the insulin that it does make properly = Type 2. How does it begin? Our bodies take in food, digest it & turns it into sugar (Glucose). The pancreas releases insulin which joins up with glucose to get it into the cell. Glucose gives energy to the cell. NO insulin = NO Glucose in Cell. Food and digestion Digestion & Diabetes Where is the pancreas? Insulin & Glucose 2gether When insulin attaches to the cell it opens the cell to let in Glucose. Insulin & Glucose 2gether Type 1 Diabetes Occurs at childhood (kids and teens) genes. Pancreas loses the ability to make insulin or makes very little. Must inject themselves everyday and watch what they eat. Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Makes improper insulin. Occurs usually over the age of 45 or people overweight. Inherited from ones parents. (genes) Gestational women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy Too Much Glucose If Glucose can’t get into the cell it builds up creating sugary blood. (hyperglycemia) Foods with high Carbs Eating glucose levels Above 150 Can be diabetic. Eating glucose levels Above 150 Can be diabetic. Causes of Diabetes Genetics Poor eating habits Stress Sickness Lack of exercise Symptoms of Diabetes Extreme Thirst Need to urinate frequently Sudden or excessive weight loss. Extreme hunger Fatigue Vaginal yeast infection in girls High /Low Glucose Treatments Diet Exercise (30 min per day) Blood Glucose checks (monitoring) Insulin injections Medications Treatments If Not Treated What Could Happen? Kidney Problems Blindness Dental problems Amputation Infections DEATH! Recap Quiz Time!!! True or False. Eating too much sugar causes diabetes. (False) type 1 diabetes happens when the cells in the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed. type 2 diabetes is inherited Quiz Time!!! True or False. People with diabetes can never eat sweets. (False) It just means that they should put the brakes on eating too many sweets and other types of foods that are high in calories and low in nutrients like vitamins and minerals. Quiz Time!!! True or False. People can outgrow diabetes. (False) People don't grow out of their diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas stops making insulin and won't make it again. Type 2 diabetes will probably always have the tendency to develop high blood sugar levels Quiz Time!!! True or False. You can catch diabetes from a person who has it. (False) Diabetes is not contagious, which means you can't get it from another person. Quiz Time!!! True or False. People with diabetes can feel when their blood sugar levels are high or low. (False) You may feel certain symptoms (like weakness or fatigue) if your blood sugar levels are high or low, but the only way to know your blood sugar levels for sure is to test them. Quiz Time!!! True or False. All people with diabetes need to take insulin. (False) All people with type 1 diabetes have to take insulin injections because their pancreases don't make insulin anymore. Some, but not all, people with type 2 diabetes have to take insulin — with or without other diabetes medications. Quiz Time!!! True or False. Insulin cures diabetes. (False) Diabetes is a condition that you manage with insulin, but insulin can't cure it. Quiz Time!!! True or False. People can't exercise. with diabetes (False) Exercise is important for all people — with or without diabetes! Exercise has many benefits. In addition to helping keep your weight under control