The Effect of Ingested Macronutrients on Postprandial Ghrelin
... is the driving force for postprandial ghrelin suppression by comparing the effects of meal ingestion on plasma ghrelin levels between insulin-deficient patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls [30]. The investigators concluded that insulin is essential for meal-induced plasma ghrelin suppre ...
... is the driving force for postprandial ghrelin suppression by comparing the effects of meal ingestion on plasma ghrelin levels between insulin-deficient patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls [30]. The investigators concluded that insulin is essential for meal-induced plasma ghrelin suppre ...
Pediatric Endocrinology - The American Board of Pediatrics
... system, pancreas, and brain m. Know when to monitor for lipids, blood pressure, and urine micro- albumin in patients with type 2 diabetes at diagnosis n. Know the implications of large, pivotal diabetes trials o. Understand that a reduced calorie diet and exercise are more effective than metformin i ...
... system, pancreas, and brain m. Know when to monitor for lipids, blood pressure, and urine micro- albumin in patients with type 2 diabetes at diagnosis n. Know the implications of large, pivotal diabetes trials o. Understand that a reduced calorie diet and exercise are more effective than metformin i ...
Renal Gluconeogenesis
... group, there was dilution of the plasma glucose 14C specific activity as the animals became hypoglycemic, indicating the release of unlabeled (i.e., endogenously produced) glucose into the circulation from some source other than the liver. Dilution of the plasma specific activity of the injected glu ...
... group, there was dilution of the plasma glucose 14C specific activity as the animals became hypoglycemic, indicating the release of unlabeled (i.e., endogenously produced) glucose into the circulation from some source other than the liver. Dilution of the plasma specific activity of the injected glu ...
Controversies In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Hypothyroidism
... and an induced thyroid resistance with reduced uptake of T4 into the cells (misleadingly increasing serum T4 levels) (16,1976-84) in all tissues except for the pituitary (84). Although all such effects reduced intracellular T3 in all tissues except for the pituitary, the serum T4 level can be increa ...
... and an induced thyroid resistance with reduced uptake of T4 into the cells (misleadingly increasing serum T4 levels) (16,1976-84) in all tissues except for the pituitary (84). Although all such effects reduced intracellular T3 in all tissues except for the pituitary, the serum T4 level can be increa ...
3-Iodothyronamine: A High Potency Metabolic Hormone and its
... Due to its affinity, TAARs have been the most promising non-genomics mechanism through which T1AM exerts its physiologic effects. Supporting this, structural derivatives of T1AM synthesized to be TAAR1 receptor agonists were also found to induce hypothermia in mice [22]. Unexpectedly a later study d ...
... Due to its affinity, TAARs have been the most promising non-genomics mechanism through which T1AM exerts its physiologic effects. Supporting this, structural derivatives of T1AM synthesized to be TAAR1 receptor agonists were also found to induce hypothermia in mice [22]. Unexpectedly a later study d ...
Peripheral Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones: A Review
... thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and low T4 levels, and secondary hypothyroidism, manifesting as a combination of low T4 levels and low TSH secondary to pituitary dysfunction, are both well defined. However, perturbations in thyroid hormone levels secondary to alterations in peripheral metabolism h ...
... thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and low T4 levels, and secondary hypothyroidism, manifesting as a combination of low T4 levels and low TSH secondary to pituitary dysfunction, are both well defined. However, perturbations in thyroid hormone levels secondary to alterations in peripheral metabolism h ...
Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion
... vagus nerve releases acetylcholine from the preganglionic terminals in the ganglia which activates nicotinic receptors on the nerve cell bodies of the postganglionic nerves. This implies a nicotonic mechanism mediates vagally induced insulin secretion. Verification came from findings that nicotinic ...
... vagus nerve releases acetylcholine from the preganglionic terminals in the ganglia which activates nicotinic receptors on the nerve cell bodies of the postganglionic nerves. This implies a nicotonic mechanism mediates vagally induced insulin secretion. Verification came from findings that nicotinic ...
Thyroid Hormone, Metabolism and the Brain
... reported glucose intolerance in hyperthyroid patients (44;51;52), and is likely to contribute to the T3-induced EGP increase during thyrotoxicosis. Data on insulin sensitivity on the level of peripheral glucose uptake during thyrotoxicosis are conflicting as decreased as well as unaltered insulin se ...
... reported glucose intolerance in hyperthyroid patients (44;51;52), and is likely to contribute to the T3-induced EGP increase during thyrotoxicosis. Data on insulin sensitivity on the level of peripheral glucose uptake during thyrotoxicosis are conflicting as decreased as well as unaltered insulin se ...
Altered functional resting-state hypothalamic connectivity and
... brain follows the principle of “what wires together, fires together” and allows for the quantification of how anatomically separated brain regions co-vary together while the brain is at rest, thus in the absence of any cognitive task. However, to date, there are limited studies performed in adults o ...
... brain follows the principle of “what wires together, fires together” and allows for the quantification of how anatomically separated brain regions co-vary together while the brain is at rest, thus in the absence of any cognitive task. However, to date, there are limited studies performed in adults o ...
Title Slide
... differential diagnosis of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome! CT-proAVP is superior to the current method of choice and revives the concept of the direct test in the polyuria- polydipsia syndrome. Fenske W. et.al. Copeptin in the differential diagnosis of the polyuria- polydipsia syndrome – revisiting the ...
... differential diagnosis of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome! CT-proAVP is superior to the current method of choice and revives the concept of the direct test in the polyuria- polydipsia syndrome. Fenske W. et.al. Copeptin in the differential diagnosis of the polyuria- polydipsia syndrome – revisiting the ...
Plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin-like growth factor
... reported by Amstaldem et al. (2000, 2002), who observed that acute fasting decreased leptin and abundance of its mRNA without affecting BCS. This effect of body weight change could explain the observed difference in leptin concentrations between animals that shared similar BCS but differed in their ...
... reported by Amstaldem et al. (2000, 2002), who observed that acute fasting decreased leptin and abundance of its mRNA without affecting BCS. This effect of body weight change could explain the observed difference in leptin concentrations between animals that shared similar BCS but differed in their ...
Highly specific radioimmunoassay for human insulin
... non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [5 women and 1 man; mean age, 66 years (range, 40 – 82 years); mean body mass index, 29 kg/m2 (range, 22.8 –36.5 kg/m2); mean fasting plasma glucose, 6.3 mmol/L (range, 4.1– 8.4 mmol/L)] after fasting and 120 min after a test meal, and from 9 patients sufferin ...
... non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [5 women and 1 man; mean age, 66 years (range, 40 – 82 years); mean body mass index, 29 kg/m2 (range, 22.8 –36.5 kg/m2); mean fasting plasma glucose, 6.3 mmol/L (range, 4.1– 8.4 mmol/L)] after fasting and 120 min after a test meal, and from 9 patients sufferin ...
Brown adipose tissue: clinical impact of a re
... several disadvantages regarding their maintenance of body temperature. The higher body surface-to-volume ratio may cause a more rapid heat loss. Due to low amount of muscle, the ability to induce thermogenesis by shivering is limited. Therefore NST is important in newborns (4). During infancy growth ...
... several disadvantages regarding their maintenance of body temperature. The higher body surface-to-volume ratio may cause a more rapid heat loss. Due to low amount of muscle, the ability to induce thermogenesis by shivering is limited. Therefore NST is important in newborns (4). During infancy growth ...
Contents - Down Syndrome Research Foundation
... in Down Syndrome was supported by the clinical effects of therapy since the response to therapy with zinc is probably one of the most reliable indices for making a diagnosis of zinc deficiency in man” (1980). An example is Franceschi et al’s work, which found a significant improvement in certain imm ...
... in Down Syndrome was supported by the clinical effects of therapy since the response to therapy with zinc is probably one of the most reliable indices for making a diagnosis of zinc deficiency in man” (1980). An example is Franceschi et al’s work, which found a significant improvement in certain imm ...
One of the impressive effects of ACTH is its
... acid release, growth hormone (STH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) showed no or at best limited activity. One sample of bovine and one of human STH were inactive even at a level DISCUSSION of 1 mg. per ml. while another bovine STH sample The direct action of ACTH on fatty acid prowas active at ...
... acid release, growth hormone (STH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) showed no or at best limited activity. One sample of bovine and one of human STH were inactive even at a level DISCUSSION of 1 mg. per ml. while another bovine STH sample The direct action of ACTH on fatty acid prowas active at ...
Alterations in Oxygen Consumption, Respiratory Quotient, and Heat
... hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling confer a longevity advantage over genetically normal animals. Further, mice genetically engineered to overexpress GH display increased GH and IGF-1 signaling and are short-lived. In addition to life span, genetically induced alterations ...
... hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling confer a longevity advantage over genetically normal animals. Further, mice genetically engineered to overexpress GH display increased GH and IGF-1 signaling and are short-lived. In addition to life span, genetically induced alterations ...
Downloaded - Journal of Clinical Investigation
... used for amino acids (13). Plasma was deproteinized with Ba(OH)2/ ZnSO4, the supernatant was freeze-dried, and the glucuronide moiety was derivatized as the n-butyl ester, triacetate. For determination of 13C isotopic enrichments by NMR, urine samples were freeze-dried and redissolved in water, and ...
... used for amino acids (13). Plasma was deproteinized with Ba(OH)2/ ZnSO4, the supernatant was freeze-dried, and the glucuronide moiety was derivatized as the n-butyl ester, triacetate. For determination of 13C isotopic enrichments by NMR, urine samples were freeze-dried and redissolved in water, and ...
Low fat adiponectin expression is associated with oxidative stress in
... have questioned the previously reported protective cardiovascular impact of adiponectin in earlier stages of renal disease (3), available evidence indicates that highest total adiponectin increments are associated with lower cardiovascular risk in end-stage CKD (40), and all studies agree on protect ...
... have questioned the previously reported protective cardiovascular impact of adiponectin in earlier stages of renal disease (3), available evidence indicates that highest total adiponectin increments are associated with lower cardiovascular risk in end-stage CKD (40), and all studies agree on protect ...
Effects of physiological hyperinsulinemia on systemic, renal, and
... by the kidney was unaltered during infusion of insulin and because renal uptake of lactate (another major renal gluconeogenic precursor) increased during infusion of insulin, it seems likely that insulin suppressed renal gluconeogenesis by altering intrarenal disposal of gluconeogenic precursors rat ...
... by the kidney was unaltered during infusion of insulin and because renal uptake of lactate (another major renal gluconeogenic precursor) increased during infusion of insulin, it seems likely that insulin suppressed renal gluconeogenesis by altering intrarenal disposal of gluconeogenic precursors rat ...
... implicated in the long-term regulation of energy balance. Insulin is synthesized in the ß cells of the pancreas and is secreted rapidly after a meal, with well characterised hypoglycaemic effects (14). However, insulin also acts as an anorectic signal within the CNS. Insulin enters the CNS through a ...
Leptin is influenced both by predisposition to obesity and diet
... Whether low fasting leptin concentrations predispose to obesity has already been investigated in prospective studies. In one study low leptin concentrations predicted weight gain in 36 very obese, middle-aged Pima Indians.11 However, in another study on 180 moderately obese, non-diabetic Mexicans st ...
... Whether low fasting leptin concentrations predispose to obesity has already been investigated in prospective studies. In one study low leptin concentrations predicted weight gain in 36 very obese, middle-aged Pima Indians.11 However, in another study on 180 moderately obese, non-diabetic Mexicans st ...
Adrenal glands
... Addisonian crisis). This crisis may be caused by a period of increased stress, trauma, surgery, or a severe infection. If left untreated it can be fatal. Signs and symptoms may include: Kidney failure Loss of consciousness Low blood pressure Severe pain in the lower back, abdomen or legs S ...
... Addisonian crisis). This crisis may be caused by a period of increased stress, trauma, surgery, or a severe infection. If left untreated it can be fatal. Signs and symptoms may include: Kidney failure Loss of consciousness Low blood pressure Severe pain in the lower back, abdomen or legs S ...
Adrenal glands
... Addisonian crisis). This crisis may be caused by a period of increased stress, trauma, surgery, or a severe infection. If left untreated it can be fatal. Signs and symptoms may include: Kidney failure Loss of consciousness Low blood pressure Severe pain in the lower back, abdomen or legs S ...
... Addisonian crisis). This crisis may be caused by a period of increased stress, trauma, surgery, or a severe infection. If left untreated it can be fatal. Signs and symptoms may include: Kidney failure Loss of consciousness Low blood pressure Severe pain in the lower back, abdomen or legs S ...
Ectopic posterior pituitary gland
... A pituitary MRI was performed in all patients : MRI 1.5 Tesla GE Thin Sagittal and coronal (3mm) Fast spin echo T2 and T1 before and after gadolinium injection ...
... A pituitary MRI was performed in all patients : MRI 1.5 Tesla GE Thin Sagittal and coronal (3mm) Fast spin echo T2 and T1 before and after gadolinium injection ...
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Some studies have shown the prevalence in the USA to be an estimated 34% of the adult population, and the prevalence increases with age.Metabolic syndrome is also known as metabolic syndrome X, cardiometabolic syndrome, syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, Reaven's syndrome (named for Gerald Reaven), and CHAOS (in Australia).Metabolic syndrome and prediabetes may be the same disorder, just diagnosed by a different set of biomarkers.The syndrome is thought to be caused by an underlying disorder of energy utilization and storage. The cause of the syndrome is an area of on-going medical research.