Download Andy Modaff, Tony Schneider, Richie Moore, and

Andy Modaff, Tony Schneider, Richie
Moore, and Shelly Shultz
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A thermometer is a liquid-in-glass or bimetallic-strip instrument that
measures temperature using either the Fahrenheit or Celsius scale. In
liquid thermometers, the mercury or alcohol contained in the column are
sealed in the glass tube. The liquid will expand when the temperature
heats up, which causes it to rise within the tube, and contracts when it’s
cooler, causing it to lower. Markers on the side of the tube indicate the
temperature. A bimetallic-strip thermometer has a dial with a pointer. The
strip of metal on the inside is made from two different metals that expand
at different rates when heated.
A barometer measures air pressure. One type of barometer contains
mercury, which moves up or down relative to the air pressure outside. An
aneroid barometer has a sealed, metal chamber with flexible sides. The
chamber contracts or expands with changes in air pressure, which is
indicated by a system of levers that connects the chamber to a pointer on
a dial.
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An anemometer is used to measure wind speed. The simplest
anemometers have 3 or 4 cupped arms positioned at equal angles from
each other. The arms rotate as the wind blows. Counting the number of
revolutions over a given time will yield the wind speed. Some
anemometers include a wind vane to show the direction of the wind.
A hygrometer is used to measure humidity. Most hygrometers have a wet
and dry-bulb thermometers and require conversion tables to determine
relative humidity. The wet bulb cools when water evaporates from it. The
temperatures of the 2 thermometers are read simultaneously, and the
difference between them is calculated. This information is then translated
using the conversion tables.
Using Satellites and Radar for
Gathering Weather Data
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A weather radar system detects specific locations of precipitation. Radar
stands for radio detection and ranging. Radio waves can be emitted into
the atmosphere, and the returning pulse of radio waves is transmitted to a
receiving antenna which is then received by a computer. The information
received determines the distance of precipitation relative to the location
of the receiving antenna. A specific form of radar, called a Doppler radar,
utilizes the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect is the change in pitch or
frequency that occurs due to the relative motion of a wave as it comes
toward or goes away from an observer.
Weather satellites orbit Earth to observe weather in the atmosphere.
Cameras mounted aboard the satellite take photos of Earth at regular
intervals. The satellites utilize infrared, visible-light, or water-vapor
imagery to observe the atmosphere.
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Short-term forecasts are the most accurate and detailed forecasts because
weather systems change directions, speeds, and intensities over time. For
hourly forecasts, extrapolation is a reliable forecasting method for smallscale weather features that are readily observable by radar and satellites
dominate current weather.
One-to-three day forecasts are now based on the behavior of larger
surface and upper-level features, including low-pressure systems. These
are reliable forecasts for expected temperatures and amounts of
precipitation. However, these forecasts cannot pinpoint an exact
temperature or sky condition at a specific time.
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- It is impossible for computers to model every variable that affects the
weather at a given time and place. Because of this, it can be concluded that
short-term forecasts are much more accurate than long-term forecasts.
Monthly and seasonal forecasts are bases primarily on weather cycles or
patterns. Meteorologists use changes in surface weather systems bases on
circulation patterns throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere for
four-to-seven day forecasts.
Weather Symbols
Warm Front
Cold Front
Sunny
Snowstorms
Thunderstorms
- When meteorologists go about creating a weather map for their forecasts,
they first have to organize all their data. They use computer programming to
put together a map with a moving timeline for the duration of their forecasts.
Storm systems detected by radar are shown in their entirety with their
moving path charted out according to real time. The colors of a storm system
relate to the severity of the system and the amount of precipitation. Low
pressure and high pressure areas are located on the map marked by H’s and
L’s, with warm and cold fronts represented by different colored waves.
• At least a bachelors degree in meteorology or
a closely related field with meteorology
related courses
• 4 of 10 meteorologists are recruited by the
government. Research positions require a
graduate degree.
Quiz
What level of Education do you need to
become a Weather forecaster?
A- G.E.D
B- Masters Degree
C- Bachelors Degree
D- P.H.D.
Quiz
Short term Forecasts are more accurate than
long term.
TRUE
FALSE
Quiz
What does an Anemometer measure?
A- Temp.
B- Speed/Velocity
C- Direction
D- LBS
Quiz
What do meteorologists use to measure temp.?
A- Thermometer
B- Apple
C- Speedometer
D- Anemometer
Quiz
What is the symbol for Low Pressure?
A- H
B- ZZ
C- L
D- AAA