Recycling of moisture in Europe: Contribution of 3
... recycling is enhanced. In case studies we follow the path of an air column for days with high precipitation recycling to discuss the role of moisture recycling in land-atmosphere interactions. For two days with enough moisture availability (28 May 2003 and 5 July 2006) moisture particles stay long i ...
... recycling is enhanced. In case studies we follow the path of an air column for days with high precipitation recycling to discuss the role of moisture recycling in land-atmosphere interactions. For two days with enough moisture availability (28 May 2003 and 5 July 2006) moisture particles stay long i ...
Using stellar scintillation for studies of turbulence in the Earth`s
... Tycho Brahe related twinkling of stars to the movement of the stars in the celestial sphere, while Johannes Kepler believed that stellar scintillation is caused by actual changes in the brightness and colour of the stars [3]. It was Isaac Newton who first found, in the early eighteenth century, the ...
... Tycho Brahe related twinkling of stars to the movement of the stars in the celestial sphere, while Johannes Kepler believed that stellar scintillation is caused by actual changes in the brightness and colour of the stars [3]. It was Isaac Newton who first found, in the early eighteenth century, the ...
Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for
... the surface and higher in the atmosphere have been used to challenge the reliability of climate models and the reality of human-induced global warming. Specifically, surface data showed substantial global-average warming, while early versions of satellite and radiosonde data showed little or no warm ...
... the surface and higher in the atmosphere have been used to challenge the reliability of climate models and the reality of human-induced global warming. Specifically, surface data showed substantial global-average warming, while early versions of satellite and radiosonde data showed little or no warm ...
Climate Change and Atmospheric Chemistry: How Will
... thick ozone layer at the Earths surface would thus correspond to a pure ozone column of 3 mm. The stratospheric ozone layer filters out a large part of the UV radiation emitted by the sun (about 100–380 nm), protecting life on Earth. The almost complete absorption of the energy-intensive solar UV-B ...
... thick ozone layer at the Earths surface would thus correspond to a pure ozone column of 3 mm. The stratospheric ozone layer filters out a large part of the UV radiation emitted by the sun (about 100–380 nm), protecting life on Earth. The almost complete absorption of the energy-intensive solar UV-B ...
The budget and cycle of Earth`s natural chlorine
... Of the 92 natural elements, chlorine is eighteenth in order of abundance. It is an element commonly encountered by humanity, ubiquitously present in table salt and in seawater. Like all the natural elements, chlorine is a gift from the stars. As astrophysicists have reconstructed the picture, the Bi ...
... Of the 92 natural elements, chlorine is eighteenth in order of abundance. It is an element commonly encountered by humanity, ubiquitously present in table salt and in seawater. Like all the natural elements, chlorine is a gift from the stars. As astrophysicists have reconstructed the picture, the Bi ...
Lab for Remote Sensing Hydrology and Spatial Modeling
... Orographic or relief rainfall is caused when masses of air pushed by wind are forced up the side of elevated land formations, such as large mountains. The lift of the air up the side of the mountain results in adiabatic cooling, and ultimately condensation and precipitation. In mountainous parts ...
... Orographic or relief rainfall is caused when masses of air pushed by wind are forced up the side of elevated land formations, such as large mountains. The lift of the air up the side of the mountain results in adiabatic cooling, and ultimately condensation and precipitation. In mountainous parts ...
The main characteristics of atmospheric circulation associated with
... and ii) daily (00:00 UTC) 2.5×2.5 grid point values of mean sea-level pressure, 500 hPa geopotential height, 850 hPa and 500 hPa air temperatures and 1000–500 hPa thickness over Europe for the period 1957–2002. 1055 fog events are extracted from the 3-hourly meteorological observations. A specific m ...
... and ii) daily (00:00 UTC) 2.5×2.5 grid point values of mean sea-level pressure, 500 hPa geopotential height, 850 hPa and 500 hPa air temperatures and 1000–500 hPa thickness over Europe for the period 1957–2002. 1055 fog events are extracted from the 3-hourly meteorological observations. A specific m ...
R3.112 Research Report Final Updated
... that management procedures can be put in place. Study Goal The goal of this study was to develop a model and software to accurately predict rail-track temperatures 24 hours in advance, so that this data can be used to help manage rail-track buckling. Methodology Two distinct and separate mathematica ...
... that management procedures can be put in place. Study Goal The goal of this study was to develop a model and software to accurately predict rail-track temperatures 24 hours in advance, so that this data can be used to help manage rail-track buckling. Methodology Two distinct and separate mathematica ...
Collision of comet Shoemaker– Levy 9 with Jupiter: what shall we
... aimed at Jupiter long in advance of the collision. Thorough observations and studies of comet Shoemaker – Levy 9 were started just after its discovery on 24 March 1993; papers devoted to this comet began to appear almost daily. News of the forthcoming collision of the comet with Jupiter has reached ...
... aimed at Jupiter long in advance of the collision. Thorough observations and studies of comet Shoemaker – Levy 9 were started just after its discovery on 24 March 1993; papers devoted to this comet began to appear almost daily. News of the forthcoming collision of the comet with Jupiter has reached ...
ESSENTIALS OF METEOROLOGY (7th ed.)
... Visualize the sun and earth energy budget. Geophysical Institute Aurora Forecast http://www.gedds.alaska.edu/auroraforecast/ Monitor the latest effects of the solar wind in creating the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis. News about Space Weather http://www.spaceweather.com/ Find out news and even ...
... Visualize the sun and earth energy budget. Geophysical Institute Aurora Forecast http://www.gedds.alaska.edu/auroraforecast/ Monitor the latest effects of the solar wind in creating the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis. News about Space Weather http://www.spaceweather.com/ Find out news and even ...
The Antarctic Ozone Hole
... 1) Halogen source gases, containing chlorine or bromine, are emitted at the Earth’s surface by natural or man-made processes. Examples of these gases include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were used in fridges, aerosols and air conditioners, and halons which were used in fire extinguishers. The ga ...
... 1) Halogen source gases, containing chlorine or bromine, are emitted at the Earth’s surface by natural or man-made processes. Examples of these gases include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were used in fridges, aerosols and air conditioners, and halons which were used in fire extinguishers. The ga ...
Energetic Particle Influence on the Earth`s Atmosphere
... Sources of protons in Earth’s atmosphere are CRs that may be of galactic, solar and heliospheric origin. Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) permanently arriving from outside of the solar system consist of the most energetic particles, conventionally with energies from ≈ 107 eV up to ≈ 1021 eV (1 eV = 1.6 · ...
... Sources of protons in Earth’s atmosphere are CRs that may be of galactic, solar and heliospheric origin. Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) permanently arriving from outside of the solar system consist of the most energetic particles, conventionally with energies from ≈ 107 eV up to ≈ 1021 eV (1 eV = 1.6 · ...
Radiative and Convective Driving of Tropical High Clouds
... replaced with band temperatures within the 11-m atmospheric window. One major advantage of CO2 slicing is that it is relatively insensitive to emissivity, so that the temperature of thin clouds can be sensed more accurately compared to estimates based on brightness temperatures alone (Platnick et a ...
... replaced with band temperatures within the 11-m atmospheric window. One major advantage of CO2 slicing is that it is relatively insensitive to emissivity, so that the temperature of thin clouds can be sensed more accurately compared to estimates based on brightness temperatures alone (Platnick et a ...
Temperature, humidity and wind from Estonian and Finnish
... the 1960s [2]. Based on these raw data, a large amount of quantities for atmospheric analysis has been calculated [3]. Radiosonde observations are expensive. Therefore, optimization of the aerological network is on the agenda all over the world [4,5]. Radiosounding has been performed in Estonia sinc ...
... the 1960s [2]. Based on these raw data, a large amount of quantities for atmospheric analysis has been calculated [3]. Radiosonde observations are expensive. Therefore, optimization of the aerological network is on the agenda all over the world [4,5]. Radiosounding has been performed in Estonia sinc ...
Importance of Phase Changes in Titan`s Lower - HAL
... The uncertainty about possible supersaturation of methane, condensation of volatile species and the existence of clouds in Titan's lower atmosphere affects our understanding of photochemistry, the nature of the surface and the atmospheric thermal structure. Indeed, photochemistry depends on the dept ...
... The uncertainty about possible supersaturation of methane, condensation of volatile species and the existence of clouds in Titan's lower atmosphere affects our understanding of photochemistry, the nature of the surface and the atmospheric thermal structure. Indeed, photochemistry depends on the dept ...
Click on the course name for the complete catalog description
... • GEG 3520 - Regional Geography: Variable Topics • GEL 3060 - Stratigraphy and Structure • GEG 3600 - Urban Geography • GEL 3120 - Geomorphology • GEG 3610 - Principles of Land Use Planning • GEL 3420 - Soil Resources • GEG 3630 - Transportation Planning and Land Use • GEL 3440 - Energy and Mineral ...
... • GEG 3520 - Regional Geography: Variable Topics • GEL 3060 - Stratigraphy and Structure • GEG 3600 - Urban Geography • GEL 3120 - Geomorphology • GEG 3610 - Principles of Land Use Planning • GEL 3420 - Soil Resources • GEG 3630 - Transportation Planning and Land Use • GEL 3440 - Energy and Mineral ...
INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY:
... concentrations? (a) Photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by the biosphere, (b) Photolysis of gases. The Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer banned worldwide production of the chlorofluorocarbon CFC-12 in 1996. CFC-12 is removed from the atmosphere by photolysis with a lifetime of 100 years. Assumin ...
... concentrations? (a) Photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by the biosphere, (b) Photolysis of gases. The Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer banned worldwide production of the chlorofluorocarbon CFC-12 in 1996. CFC-12 is removed from the atmosphere by photolysis with a lifetime of 100 years. Assumin ...
Met 61 - San Jose State University
... approximation in the derivation of the quasigeostrophic equations. Quasigeostrophic theory is relatively accurate for synoptic scale atmospheric motions in which the Rossby number is less than unity. However, it cannot accurately describe some atmospheric structures such as fronts or small stron ...
... approximation in the derivation of the quasigeostrophic equations. Quasigeostrophic theory is relatively accurate for synoptic scale atmospheric motions in which the Rossby number is less than unity. However, it cannot accurately describe some atmospheric structures such as fronts or small stron ...
the middle atmosphere and its sensitivity to climate
... the the early 1980s due to man-made emissions of halogenated hydrocarbons. Second, the middle atmosphere has been identified as a region showing clear evidence of climate change due to increased emissions of greenhouse gases. While increased CO2 abundances are expected to lead to a warmer climate ne ...
... the the early 1980s due to man-made emissions of halogenated hydrocarbons. Second, the middle atmosphere has been identified as a region showing clear evidence of climate change due to increased emissions of greenhouse gases. While increased CO2 abundances are expected to lead to a warmer climate ne ...
Neptune Science with Argo – A Voyage through the Outer Solar
... include: what are the natures and timescales of the mechanisms driving atmospheric circulation on an ice giant? By what process are the largest discrete atmospheric features formed and dissipated? How does seasonally-varying insolation affect energy balance in an ice-giant atmosphere? Put broadly, t ...
... include: what are the natures and timescales of the mechanisms driving atmospheric circulation on an ice giant? By what process are the largest discrete atmospheric features formed and dissipated? How does seasonally-varying insolation affect energy balance in an ice-giant atmosphere? Put broadly, t ...
Conference Report
... Climate proofing development is also essential to know what effects Climate Change has on visibility, viability and long-term sustainability of policies, plans and projects. Will climate change alter development outcomes of projects? The African Development Bank’s Response lies in the areas of Polic ...
... Climate proofing development is also essential to know what effects Climate Change has on visibility, viability and long-term sustainability of policies, plans and projects. Will climate change alter development outcomes of projects? The African Development Bank’s Response lies in the areas of Polic ...
the value of climate services across economic and public sectors
... Through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Climate Change Resilient Development (CCRD) Project, Stratus Consulting was tasked to conduct the bulk of this research. As part of this effort, Stratus Consulting, in coordination with key working group members, reviewed 183 studi ...
... Through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Climate Change Resilient Development (CCRD) Project, Stratus Consulting was tasked to conduct the bulk of this research. As part of this effort, Stratus Consulting, in coordination with key working group members, reviewed 183 studi ...
Tropospheric Ozone Lesson: Student worksheets
... In addition to NOx and VOCs, weather conditions or meteorological factors are known to have some influence in the formation of tropospheric ozone. These factors include temperature, humidity, cloud cover and wind direction and speed. Combination of these factors can increase or decrease the amount o ...
... In addition to NOx and VOCs, weather conditions or meteorological factors are known to have some influence in the formation of tropospheric ozone. These factors include temperature, humidity, cloud cover and wind direction and speed. Combination of these factors can increase or decrease the amount o ...
Ocean Waves, Tides, and Shorelines CHECK YOUR ANSWER
... ground, in turn, warms Earth’s atmosphere. • Earth’s temperature varies according to the degree of solar intensity—the amount of solar radiation per area. • Where solar intensity is higher, temperatures are higher. ...
... ground, in turn, warms Earth’s atmosphere. • Earth’s temperature varies according to the degree of solar intensity—the amount of solar radiation per area. • Where solar intensity is higher, temperatures are higher. ...
Meteorology Practice Exam
... d. Red and blue light have different directions of polarization. ____ 71. Solar radiation reaches the earth's surface as: a. visible radiation only. b. ultraviolet radiation only. c. infrared radiation only. d. visible and infrared radiation only. e. ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation. ___ ...
... d. Red and blue light have different directions of polarization. ____ 71. Solar radiation reaches the earth's surface as: a. visible radiation only. b. ultraviolet radiation only. c. infrared radiation only. d. visible and infrared radiation only. e. ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation. ___ ...
Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Weather, seen from an anthropological perspective, is something all humans in the world constantly experience through their senses, at least while being outside. There are socially and scientifically constructed understandings of what weather is, what makes it change, the effect it has on humans in different situations, etc. Therefore, weather is something people often communicate about.Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. Weather generally refers to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the statistics of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. When used without qualification, ""weather"" is generally understood to mean the weather of Earth.Weather is driven by air pressure (temperature and moisture) differences between one place and another. These pressure and temperature differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (−40 °F to 100 °F) annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit can affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth, thus influencing long-term climate and global climate change.Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The system is a chaotic system; so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activities such as agriculture and industry have modified weather patterns.Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind.