Module 9
... Microwave radiation is not important for energy balance of the earth, but it finds wide use in remote sensing of the earth system because it is capable of penetrating through clouds. The study of radiative transfer in atmosphere and ocean is important because it leads to (i) a better understanding o ...
... Microwave radiation is not important for energy balance of the earth, but it finds wide use in remote sensing of the earth system because it is capable of penetrating through clouds. The study of radiative transfer in atmosphere and ocean is important because it leads to (i) a better understanding o ...
PP Chapter 25 Text
... The elements of weather How Earth is warmed from above and below Solar radiation and Earth’s seasons Structure and composition of the atmosphere Why air is more dense at sea level than at higher elevations • Why the winds blow • Atmospheric currents and their influences • Human impact on climate Cop ...
... The elements of weather How Earth is warmed from above and below Solar radiation and Earth’s seasons Structure and composition of the atmosphere Why air is more dense at sea level than at higher elevations • Why the winds blow • Atmospheric currents and their influences • Human impact on climate Cop ...
Chapter 22
... • Increased levels of carbon dioxide may lead to global warming. • If too much heat is trapped the global temperature will rise. • Global warming is the gradual increase in temperature on Earth due to an increase in greenhouse gases • Global warming could cause problems, such as the melting of ice c ...
... • Increased levels of carbon dioxide may lead to global warming. • If too much heat is trapped the global temperature will rise. • Global warming is the gradual increase in temperature on Earth due to an increase in greenhouse gases • Global warming could cause problems, such as the melting of ice c ...
Voluntary Cooperation Programme
... The Rockefeller Foundation is supporting a project for “Training of Trainers on Weather and Climate Information and Products for Agricultural Extension Services in Ethiopia”. This project aims to familiarize trainers from Met Service and Agricultural Extension Service to undertake and train counterp ...
... The Rockefeller Foundation is supporting a project for “Training of Trainers on Weather and Climate Information and Products for Agricultural Extension Services in Ethiopia”. This project aims to familiarize trainers from Met Service and Agricultural Extension Service to undertake and train counterp ...
2 Atmospheric Pressure
... to know the distribution of pressure at mean sea level. Isobars are usually drawn at intervals 1, 2, 4, 5 or 10 hPa, the custom varies with latitude and country. Local barometric pressures at observation stations (QFE) above sea level are adjusted for the difference in height to bring them all to a ...
... to know the distribution of pressure at mean sea level. Isobars are usually drawn at intervals 1, 2, 4, 5 or 10 hPa, the custom varies with latitude and country. Local barometric pressures at observation stations (QFE) above sea level are adjusted for the difference in height to bring them all to a ...
Atmospheric circulation and atmospheric modeling
... • Meridional gradients in solar insolation are the main driver for atmospheric circulation. • Hadley, Ferrel and polar cells (zonal mean meridional structure) • Important contribution to the structure of the atmosphere: Coriolis force (large-scale, trop. storms) • Important role of the Earth's rotat ...
... • Meridional gradients in solar insolation are the main driver for atmospheric circulation. • Hadley, Ferrel and polar cells (zonal mean meridional structure) • Important contribution to the structure of the atmosphere: Coriolis force (large-scale, trop. storms) • Important role of the Earth's rotat ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7th Ed. ...
... Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7th Ed. ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7th Ed. ...
... Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7th Ed. ...
Yannay - onafieldtrip.ca
... the cool, nutrient rich water can’t come up from below it. This means that fish don’t have the food they need to survive and not many are attracted to that area. As a result, fishing is decreased. For example, in the 1997-1998 El Niño the amount of fish caught decreased from 14 million tonnes in the ...
... the cool, nutrient rich water can’t come up from below it. This means that fish don’t have the food they need to survive and not many are attracted to that area. As a result, fishing is decreased. For example, in the 1997-1998 El Niño the amount of fish caught decreased from 14 million tonnes in the ...
Original scientific paper 911.2:551.51 THE
... and estimation of future climate. In the reconstruction of past climate the limited factor is availability of time series with records to less than a century in the most cases. In recent years, a few projects have done with aim to create a database of air pressure for Europe and North Atlantic. The ...
... and estimation of future climate. In the reconstruction of past climate the limited factor is availability of time series with records to less than a century in the most cases. In recent years, a few projects have done with aim to create a database of air pressure for Europe and North Atlantic. The ...
HW7.1 presentation
... • Sensible heat flux Qh = Cd Cp V (Tsurface - Tair) • Latent heat flux Qe = Cd L V (qsurface - qair) • Bowen ratio B= Qh/Qe = Cp(Tsurface - Tair) / L(qsurface - qair) provides a simple way for estimating Qh and Qe when radiation measurements are available ...
... • Sensible heat flux Qh = Cd Cp V (Tsurface - Tair) • Latent heat flux Qe = Cd L V (qsurface - qair) • Bowen ratio B= Qh/Qe = Cp(Tsurface - Tair) / L(qsurface - qair) provides a simple way for estimating Qh and Qe when radiation measurements are available ...
ATSC 2000 - Atmospheric Science
... IV. Surface Weather Observations Weather observations at the surface of the Earth are made each hour by meteorologists around the world. These observations are typically taken at airports, in support of aviation operations. Appendix A-2 of your textbook describes the weather elements that are observ ...
... IV. Surface Weather Observations Weather observations at the surface of the Earth are made each hour by meteorologists around the world. These observations are typically taken at airports, in support of aviation operations. Appendix A-2 of your textbook describes the weather elements that are observ ...
11. Global Circulation
... is hot and humid, with low pressure, strong upward air motion, heavy convective (thunderstorm) precipitation, and light to calm winds except in thunderstorms. This equatorial trough (low-pressure belt) was called the doldrums by sailors whose sailing ships were becalmed there for many days. At 30° ...
... is hot and humid, with low pressure, strong upward air motion, heavy convective (thunderstorm) precipitation, and light to calm winds except in thunderstorms. This equatorial trough (low-pressure belt) was called the doldrums by sailors whose sailing ships were becalmed there for many days. At 30° ...
HOMEWORK 1 (assigned 1/13/99, due
... atmosphere is "less massive because it is less dense," unless you also know the volume (which in this case you don't). Also, when you say something is "thin" or "light", you need to define these terms or be more specific. 4. a) Professor Battisti finishes lecturing in Johnson 101 (at an altitude of ...
... atmosphere is "less massive because it is less dense," unless you also know the volume (which in this case you don't). Also, when you say something is "thin" or "light", you need to define these terms or be more specific. 4. a) Professor Battisti finishes lecturing in Johnson 101 (at an altitude of ...
Meteorology of Windstorms
... • Downslope winds : • Thermally driven - several different phenomena • usually occur on the lee slopes of mountains, or in valleys • U.S. : chinook winds (Colorado) Santa Ana winds (California) ...
... • Downslope winds : • Thermally driven - several different phenomena • usually occur on the lee slopes of mountains, or in valleys • U.S. : chinook winds (Colorado) Santa Ana winds (California) ...
This presentation discusses
... • Stability related to buoyancy function of temperature • The rate of cooling of a parcel relative to its surrounds determines its ‘stability’ of a parcel • For dry air (with no clouds), an easy way to determine its stability is to look at the vertical profile of virtual potential temperature ...
... • Stability related to buoyancy function of temperature • The rate of cooling of a parcel relative to its surrounds determines its ‘stability’ of a parcel • For dry air (with no clouds), an easy way to determine its stability is to look at the vertical profile of virtual potential temperature ...
Slide 1
... of the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M), though this is now specified in terms of learning outcomes. The learning outcomes are at least as rigorous and demanding as those for many existing meteorology degree programmes of Members. In future, when individuals complete a meteorolog ...
... of the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M), though this is now specified in terms of learning outcomes. The learning outcomes are at least as rigorous and demanding as those for many existing meteorology degree programmes of Members. In future, when individuals complete a meteorolog ...
Structure and Composition of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere
... other major greenhouse gas, also varies distinctly. In addition to these variable constituents there are also aerosols and hydrometeors which can vary widely in space and time. The proportions of gases, excluding water vapor and ozone, are nearly uniform up to a height of about 100 km above the Eart ...
... other major greenhouse gas, also varies distinctly. In addition to these variable constituents there are also aerosols and hydrometeors which can vary widely in space and time. The proportions of gases, excluding water vapor and ozone, are nearly uniform up to a height of about 100 km above the Eart ...
ESRT Review 2012
... This diagram indicates the direction of the major planetary winds on the Earth’s surface in the troposphere. Winds are named for the direction they come from. The direction of the arrows indicate if the wind is converging (warm, humid air rising and forming clouds) or diverging (cold, dry air ...
... This diagram indicates the direction of the major planetary winds on the Earth’s surface in the troposphere. Winds are named for the direction they come from. The direction of the arrows indicate if the wind is converging (warm, humid air rising and forming clouds) or diverging (cold, dry air ...
WMO RA-V MG7 WG-WXS
... developed a comprehensive survey to be distributed to all NHMSs in November. • RA-V TT-QM will help promote this within RA-V and obtain the results from WMO to ascertain the gaps within RA-V. • The WMO webpage for Quality Management is being hosted by the Bureau of Meteorology. • The WMO ‘Practical ...
... developed a comprehensive survey to be distributed to all NHMSs in November. • RA-V TT-QM will help promote this within RA-V and obtain the results from WMO to ascertain the gaps within RA-V. • The WMO webpage for Quality Management is being hosted by the Bureau of Meteorology. • The WMO ‘Practical ...
Objective
... observatory for the benefit of the international astronomical community. Since its preliminary inception, HST was designed to be a different type of mission for NASA -- a long term space-based observatory. HST's current complement of science instruments include three cameras, two spectrographs, and ...
... observatory for the benefit of the international astronomical community. Since its preliminary inception, HST was designed to be a different type of mission for NASA -- a long term space-based observatory. HST's current complement of science instruments include three cameras, two spectrographs, and ...
Atmospheric Pressure
... FIGURE 8.29 An upper-level 500-mb map showing wind direction, as indicated by lines that parallel the wind. Wind speeds are indicated by barbs and flags. (See the blue insert.) Solid gray lines are contours in meters above sea level. Dashed red lines are isotherms in oC. ...
... FIGURE 8.29 An upper-level 500-mb map showing wind direction, as indicated by lines that parallel the wind. Wind speeds are indicated by barbs and flags. (See the blue insert.) Solid gray lines are contours in meters above sea level. Dashed red lines are isotherms in oC. ...
Weather Flashcards4 - Henrico County Public Schools
... What word do we use to describe the amount of water vapor that is in the air? SOL 4.6 ...
... What word do we use to describe the amount of water vapor that is in the air? SOL 4.6 ...
Ch08PressureWind
... northwestern Iowa. The distance along the green line X-X’ is 500 km. The difference in pressure between X and X’ is 32 mb, producing a pressure gradient of 32 mb/500 km. The tightly packed isobars along the green line are associated with strong northwesterly winds of 40 knots, with gusts even higher ...
... northwestern Iowa. The distance along the green line X-X’ is 500 km. The difference in pressure between X and X’ is 32 mb, producing a pressure gradient of 32 mb/500 km. The tightly packed isobars along the green line are associated with strong northwesterly winds of 40 knots, with gusts even higher ...
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
... – GLOBAL CLIMATIC CHANGE – since 1970 scientists have provided evidence for global climate change – may be 150 years on-going, beginning with the industrial revolution – CO2 has >25% – methane has > 100% – the ave temp has > 0.5 C in the 20th century – extremes in weather conditions have occurred in ...
... – GLOBAL CLIMATIC CHANGE – since 1970 scientists have provided evidence for global climate change – may be 150 years on-going, beginning with the industrial revolution – CO2 has >25% – methane has > 100% – the ave temp has > 0.5 C in the 20th century – extremes in weather conditions have occurred in ...
Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Weather, seen from an anthropological perspective, is something all humans in the world constantly experience through their senses, at least while being outside. There are socially and scientifically constructed understandings of what weather is, what makes it change, the effect it has on humans in different situations, etc. Therefore, weather is something people often communicate about.Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. Weather generally refers to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the statistics of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. When used without qualification, ""weather"" is generally understood to mean the weather of Earth.Weather is driven by air pressure (temperature and moisture) differences between one place and another. These pressure and temperature differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (−40 °F to 100 °F) annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit can affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth, thus influencing long-term climate and global climate change.Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The system is a chaotic system; so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activities such as agriculture and industry have modified weather patterns.Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind.