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Please respond to the following question • Define the term depression in your own words. Describe a time in your life when you were depressed. How did you get through it? Mood Disorders Chapter 18 Section 5 By the Shore Death in the Sickroom The Scream Mood Disorders Most people get depressed occasionally. However, clinical depression is a serious mood disorder that has little in common with the “blue moods” most people have from time to time. People with these types of disorders have intense moods that last a long time. What is depression? Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person’s thoughts, behavior, feelings and state of well-being. Seasonal Affective Disorder • A type of depression • Less light available in winter= more melatonin secreted by the pineal gland. • Treatments: temporary sleep deprivation, exposure to artificial light Major Depressive Disorder • The major depressive disorders are so severe that they interfere with normal concentration and social functioning. • Symptoms can include loss of appetite, sleeplessness, and noticeable weight changes (either an increase or decrease). Major Depressive Disorder (cont.) People who suffer from major depression tend to feel a deep hopelessness, view themselves as inadequate and/or worthless, and often have suicidal impulses. Bipolar Disorder • Sufferers alternate between despair and mania • Manic phase: elation, confusion • Depressive phase: same as for people with major depression Bipolar Disorder (cont) • Some have theorized that the two phases reinforce one another, with the manic episode serving as an attempt to ward off the underlying hopelessness of the depressive period. • Others believe that bipolar disorder has a biochemical origin. • Bipolar disorder may possibly be cyclical, occurring at regular intervals Bi-polar and teens • Richie’s video Explaining Mood Disorders Psychological Views • Psychoanalytic of depression: – People are prone to depression because they suffered a real or imagined loss of a loved object or person in childhood. • Learning Theories of depression: - Believe that people that learned helplessness makes people prone to depression. Explaining Mood Disorders Psychological Views • Cognitive Theorists of depression: – Some people are prone to depression because of their habitual style of explaining life events, – People assign different types of explanation to most events Explaining Mood Disorders Biological Views • Moods disorders, like anxiety disorders, tend to occur more often in the close relatives of affected individuals that they do in the general population. • Between 20% & 25% of people with mood disorders have a family member who is affected by a similar disorder. • Scientist believe that 2 neurotransmitters in the brain- serotonin and noradrenalinemay at least partly explain the connection between genes and mood. Suicide • Escape from physical or emotional pain, terminal illness or loneliness, old age • Desire to end “unacceptable” feelings • Attempt to “punish” loved ones who they feel should have perceived and attended to their needs. Suicide (cont) • Every year, more than 32,000 Americans end their own lives • One suicide occurs every 16 minutes. • Women attempt suicide more than men, but men are more likely to succeed. • Suicide also occurs more commonly among the elderly and college students (its actually the 2nd leading cause of death among college students). • 70% of those who threaten suicide kill themselves within 3 months of making the threat. Suicide (cont) • Risk factors: – History of previous suicide attempts – Family history of suicide – History of depression or other mental illness – Alcohol or drug abuse – Stressful life event or loss – Easy access to lethal methods – Exposure to the suicidal behavior of others – Incarceration Kurt Cobain • Even people who seemingly “have it all” commit suicide sometimes. • Musician Kurt Cobain of the band Nirvana was at the top of the charts when he killed himself with a shotgun, He left behind a note which stated, “ I’m too much of an erratic, mood baby! I don’t have the passion any more and so remember, its better to burn out than to fade away.”