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Transcript
Cellular Respiration Critical Question: How does cellular respiration relate to the creation of alcohol in beer and thickness in yogurt? ATP Regents Biology 2009-2010 Photosynthesis occurs in the Chloroplast Cellular Respiration occurs in the Mitochondria Regents Biology All LIVING organisms need energy! Organisms get energy directly or indirectly from sunlight in photosynthesis Cellular respiration is the process of using energy Regents Biology Regents Biology 2006-2007 Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration = Process done by mitochondria in cells in which they gain energy from glucose (by breaking down food molecules) and release its stored energy O2 fuel (carbohydrates) CO2 + H2O + heat You burn fuel in many small steps ATP food (carbohydrates) Regents Biology O2 ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat) Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers What do we need energy for? synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat) Regents Biology Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in food molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food digest food to get: fuel for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules Regents Biology ATP Get out your spiral What is energy in biology? ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate Whoa! HOT stuff! Regents Biology 2009-2010 Harvesting energy stored in food ATP Aerobic (with oxygen) food Cellular respiration = O2 glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide C6H12O6 + Regents Biology 6O2 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O Using ATP to do work? Cells Can’t store ATP ATP It’s too unstable ATP is short term energy carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! Regents Biology Adenosine TriPhosphate work Adenosine DiPhosphate energy ADP energy A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second What if oxygen is missing? No oxygen available = can’t complete O2 aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Known as fermentation alcohol fermentation (yeast) lactic acid fermentation (animals) yeast Bacteria use anaerobic No mitochondria (prokaryotic) Regents Biology bacteria Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation yeast alcohol fermentation glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol make beer, wine, bread bacteria, animals lactic acid fermentation glucose ATP + lactic acid Bacteria (eat milk) make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue Regents Biology Tastes good… but not enough energy for me! O2 The equation for the overall process is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration. Regents Biology Overall Process’ Goal is to make ATP Digestion! (biomolecules transported into blood stream and into surrounded tissue cells) Cellular Respiration Steps: 3 stages 1. Glycolysis (2 phases) in cytoplasm 1. Energy investment phase – 2 ATP 2. Splits 6 carbon molecules into two 3 carbon molecules Energy harvesting phase pyruvate NADH Glycolysis creates – 2 ATP Molecules 2 Pyruvate & 2 NADH Regents Biology When Oxygen is Present The molecules enter the mitochondria NADH NADH ATP ATP Cellular Respiration Begins (Aerobic) 2. Kreb Cycle (inner mitochondria membrane) NADH NADH NADH NADH NADH NADH FADH2 FADH2 ATP ATP 32-36 ATP 3. Electron Transport Chain Depending on you In/out of inner folds of the mitochondriaefficiency ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP Regents Biology ATP ATP ATP ATP 3 Stages: 1 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) ATP and 6CO2 energy Electron Transport 3 energy from glycolysis and 6O2 2 inner membrane ATP and 6H2 O 4 Regents Biology Different energy outputs for different Biomolecules – Fat produces 80 percent of the energy in your body – about 146 ATP (energy molecules) from a triglyceride • Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP. – amino acids not usually needed for energy – about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate Regents Biology A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy. Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight. In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules. similar to photosynthesis uses chemical energy instead of light energy Regents Biology