Download Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration
Critical Question: How does cellular
respiration relate to the creation of
alcohol in beer and thickness in yogurt?
ATP
Regents Biology
2009-2010
Photosynthesis occurs in the
Chloroplast
Cellular Respiration occurs in the
Mitochondria
Regents Biology
All LIVING organisms need energy!
 Organisms get energy directly or

indirectly from sunlight in photosynthesis
Cellular respiration is the process of using
energy
Regents Biology
Regents Biology
2006-2007
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration =
Process done by mitochondria in cells in which they
gain energy from glucose (by breaking down food
molecules) and release its stored energy
O2
fuel
(carbohydrates)
CO2 + H2O + heat
You burn fuel in many small steps
ATP
food
(carbohydrates)
Regents Biology
O2
ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)
Energy needs of life
 Animals are energy consumers

What do we need energy for?
 synthesis (building for growth)
 reproduction
 active transport
 movement
 temperature control (making heat)
Regents Biology
Where do we get energy?
 Energy is stored in food molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Animals eat these organic molecules  food
 digest food to get:


 fuel for energy (ATP)
 raw materials for building more molecules
Regents Biology
ATP
Get out your spiral
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Whoa!
HOT stuff!
Regents Biology
2009-2010
Harvesting energy stored in food
ATP
 Aerobic (with oxygen) food
Cellular respiration =
O2
glucose + oxygen  energy + carbon + water
dioxide
C6H12O6 +
Regents Biology
6O2
 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Using ATP to do work?
Cells Can’t store ATP
ATP
 It’s too unstable
 ATP is short term
energy
 carbohydrates & fats
are long term
energy storage
Whoa!
Pass me the
glucose & oxygen!
Regents Biology
Adenosine TriPhosphate
work
Adenosine DiPhosphate
energy
ADP
energy
A working muscle recycles over
10 million ATPs per second
What if oxygen is missing?
 No oxygen available = can’t complete
O2
aerobic respiration
 Anaerobic respiration

Known as fermentation
 alcohol fermentation (yeast)
 lactic acid fermentation (animals)

yeast
Bacteria use anaerobic
 No mitochondria (prokaryotic)
Regents Biology
bacteria
Anaerobic Respiration
 Fermentation

yeast
 alcohol fermentation
 glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol
 make beer, wine, bread

bacteria, animals
 lactic acid fermentation
 glucose  ATP + lactic acid
 Bacteria (eat milk) make yogurt
 animals feel muscle fatigue
Regents Biology
Tastes good…
but not enough
energy for me!
O2
 The equation for the overall process is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
• The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the
products of cellular respiration.
Regents Biology
Overall Process’ Goal is to make ATP
Digestion! (biomolecules transported into
blood stream and into surrounded tissue cells)
Cellular Respiration Steps: 3 stages
1. Glycolysis (2 phases) in cytoplasm
1.
Energy investment phase – 2 ATP

2.
Splits 6 carbon molecules into two 3 carbon
molecules
Energy harvesting phase
pyruvate
NADH
Glycolysis creates – 2 ATP Molecules
2 Pyruvate & 2 NADH
Regents Biology
When Oxygen is Present
The molecules enter the mitochondria
NADH
NADH
ATP
ATP
Cellular Respiration Begins (Aerobic)
2. Kreb Cycle (inner mitochondria membrane)
NADH
NADH
NADH
NADH
NADH
NADH
FADH2 FADH2
ATP ATP
32-36 ATP
3. Electron Transport Chain
Depending on you
In/out of inner folds of the mitochondriaefficiency
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP ATP ATP
ATP ATP
ATP ATP
ATP
ATP
Regents Biology
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
3 Stages:
1
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb Cycle
3. Electron
Transport
Chain
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed
by inner membrane)
ATP
and
6CO2
energy
Electron Transport
3
energy from
glycolysis
and
6O2
2
inner membrane
ATP
and
6H2 O
4
Regents Biology
 Different energy outputs for different
Biomolecules
– Fat produces 80 percent of the energy in your body
– about 146 ATP (energy molecules) from a triglyceride
• Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
– amino acids not usually needed for energy
– about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate
Regents Biology
A few types of organisms do not need sunlight
and photosynthesis as a source of energy.
 Some organisms live in

places that never get
sunlight.
In chemosynthesis,
chemical energy is used
to build carbon-based
molecules.


similar to photosynthesis
uses chemical energy
instead of light energy
Regents Biology