Download unit 9 evolution chapter 15 darwin`s theory of

UNIT 9 EVOLUTION
CHAPTER 15 DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION
MODULE #2
Below is a picture of the Galapagos tortoise.
1.When did Darwin return to England? How long was the
Beagle’s voyage?
2. Upon his return, what did Darwin discover about many of the
specimens that he brought back (mockingbirds, finches,
tortoises, marine iguanas, etc.)?
3. Each island species resembled a similar species on the ______
________________ mainland.
Below is the famous book that Charles Darwin wrote.
4. What is the full name of this book?
5. In what year was it published?
6. Why did it take so long for Darwin to publish this book?
7. What other naturalist would cause Darwin to “rush” the
publication of this book?
8. What does Darwin propose in this book?
9. What did he use to support his proposal?
Below is a picture illustrating the variation in one species of marine organism.
10. What was one of Darwin’s most important
insights?
Below is a picture illustrating the “selective breeding”.
11. Darwin had no idea of how ___________
worked.
12. What causes heritable variation in organisms?
13. In _______________ selection, humans select
from among the naturally occurring genetic
____________ in a species.
14. How did the 5 vegetables, to the left, come
into existence?
The picture below illustrates the “struggle for existence”.
15. After devising the idea of artificial
selection, what was his next insight?
16. How does the picture to the left
represent the “struggle for existence”?
17. How does the picture to the left illustrate
“Darwinian fitness”?
18. Describe a few adaptations that improve their
“fitness” of these lions.
19. The concept of ______________ is central to the
process of evolution.
20. Discuss how the picture to the left could be used to
illustrate the concept of “survival of the fittest”.
21. What is “natural selection”?
22. How does “natural selection” differ from “artificial selection”?
23. What would be considered the “adaptation” in this scenario?
24. What is actually being “selected for” with reference to natural
selection?
24. What happens to the population of beetles in this scenario?
Below is a graph representing “descent with modification”.
25. Which two species of elephants are still in
existence today (not extinct)?
26. Using this graph, describe the concept of
“descent with modification”.
27. Descent with modification implies that all
living organisms are _____________ to one
another.
The diagram below illustrates the concept of “common descent”.
28. How does this diagram illustrate “common descent”?
29. This concept is what Darwin called the “______ of life”.
30. Darwin argued that life had been evolving on Earth for
___________ of years.
31. What four forms of evidence support Darwin’s theory of
evolution?
Below is an image showing the evolution of the whale based on fossil evidence.
32. Darwin saw fossils as a record of the
_____________ of life on Earth.
33. Darwin proposed that the Earth was many
____________ of years old, rather than just a few
thousand years old.
34. Over how many years did the evolution of
modern whales take place?
35. Was the first ancestor of whales a terrestrial or
aquatic organism?
36. How many intermediate stages of evolution
took place over this episode of evolution?
37. What is a “transitional fossil”?
38. Which two types of whales are still in existence
today?
39. What happened to all the other types of
whale-like organisms?
40. What is the variation between the two existing
types of whales (hint: think eating habits)?
Below is a diagram of the finches found on the Galapagos Islands (Darwin Finches).
41. List two variations that are
noticeable in these finches.
42. Why is the finch at the bottom
called the “common ancestor”?
43. How did Darwin explain the
similarities, yet differences
between these finches?
Below is a diagram illustrating the concept of “geographical distribution”.
44. Is the environment that these two organisms
occupy similar?
45. What is different about these two organisms
(hint: method of birth)?
46. Do these two organisms descent from the
same ancestor?
47. How did Darwin explain this phenomenon?
Below is a diagram representing the forelimbs for four different mammals.
48. What are homologous structures?
49. How are they used as evidence for evolution?
49. How are these structures similar?
50. How are they different?
51. In what way do homologous structures help
biologists?
Below is a diagram showing the human intestinal tract.
52. Which anatomical structure, in this picture, is
“vestigial”?
53. What does it mean to be “vestigial”?
54. Why are vestigial organs inherited?
55. List three other vestigial organs found in other
organisms or humans.
Below are diagrams showing the embryological development of several different organisms.
56. How are embryological homologies
(embryological development) evidence for
evolution?
57. Summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution.
58. What are some strengths and weaknesses of evolutionary
theory?