Download Behaviorist Perspective

Behaviorist Perspective
Key Terms Section
Bell Work: Day 1 Behaviorism
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Get Folders, and netbook
Go to this site
 http://www.ryerson.ca/~glassman/behavior.html#Sel
f-Modification
Follow along while taking notes
Agenda
 Introduce Brief History of Behaviorism
 Some Key concepts (Goals)
 Some Key Theorists
Task #1: Read Historical Outline of Behaviorism and
Summarize some key finding about how it started
Key Concepts to Understand
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Behaviorist
Approach
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Classical
Conditioning
Operant
Conditioning
Conditioning
 Learning
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Acquisition
 Response
 Stimulus
 Key Figures
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Watson
Pavlov
Skinner
Behaviorist Perspective
Believes people/animals learn to
behave in response to their
environment; Either by Stimulusresponse or reinforcement
Behaviorist Approach
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Learning stimulus-response units of
behavior as a result of association
Classical Conditioning
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Anything in an environment that one can
respond to.
Stimulus
Classical Conditioning
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Any behavior or action
Response
Classical Conditioning
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Relatively permanent change
in behavior due to
experience
Learning
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Refers to the period of time when
the stimulus comes to evoke the
conditioned response.
Acquisition
Classical Conditioning
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
In behavioral psychology, another
name for learning
Conditioning
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Idea that learning is influenced by
rewards or unpleasant
consequences.
Operant Conditioning
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Founding Father of Behaviorist
Approach. Main goal of Psychology
should be the prediction and control
of behavior
John Watson
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Began theory of classical conditioning.
And started “conditioning” as a form
of learning.
Ivan Pavlov
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
Developed Operant Conditioning.
Brought idea of reinforcement to
Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner
HOME
Behaviorist Perspective
The reappearance of learning,
thought to be extinct
Spontaneous Recovery
In-depth concepts
Behaviorist Perspective
Associated behavioral response to similar
stimuli.
Stimulus generalization
In-depth concepts
Behaviorist Perspective
Stimulus that triggers response
automatically (reflex)
Unconditioned Stimulus
(UCS)
Classical Conditioning
Behaviorist Perspective
Automatic response (reflex) to
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned Response
(UCR)
Classical Conditioning
Behaviorist Perspective
Neutral stimulus; that, through learning,
has power to cause a response
Conditioned Stimulus
(CS)
Classical Conditioning
Behaviorist Perspective
Response to a conditioned
stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response
(CR)
Classical Conditioning
Behaviorist Perspective
Learning to respond only to a stimulus
that is the same as the original
conditioned stimulus
Stimulus Discrimination
In-depth concepts
Behaviorist Perspective
Losing of a learned behavior by not keeping
the conditioned stimulus with the
conditioned response
Extinction
In-depth concepts
Behaviorist Perspective
Something linked in memory or
imagination with a thing, person, or
event
Association
Classical Conditioning
Behaviorist Perspective
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Introduced by Ivan Pavlov during his
study of digestive systems in animals
 Learning through association of an
unconditioned response (reflex) with a
conditioned stimulus (that was previously
neutral)
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Classical Conditioning
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Important Terms
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Association
Stimulus
Unconditioned
Stimulus
Unconditioned
Response
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Important Terms
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Response
Conditioned
Stimulus
Conditioned
Response
Acquisition
Classical Conditioning
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In-depth Concepts
Stimulus Discrimination
 Stimulus Generalization
 Extinction
 Spontaneous Recovery
 Examples
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Charades
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Example
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Example #1
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Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of kitten
Example #3: STG
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Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of kitten
Example #2: STD
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Two volunteers to act out.
Class needs to raise hand if they know the answer.
Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of kitten
Example #4
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Subject has been conditioned to be scared at site of Beautiful
people.
Charades Example #1
Charades Example #2
Charades Example #3
Classical Conditioning
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Examples
Pavlov’s Dog Story
 Example
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Class Example
 Personal Example
 Water Gun Class Experiment
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP5lCl
eK-PM
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Classical Conditioning: Task #2
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Pavlov’s Dog story
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Pavlov began by ringing a bell around a dog
with no response. He then presented the dog
with a bowl of food which caused the dog to
begin to naturally salivate. He then rang the
bell and presented food together; salivation
occurred but b/c of the food. He continually
repeated this process until the dog began to
associate the bell with the food which would
then cause salivation. He can now ring the
bell w/out food and the dog will salivate.
Pavlov Experiment
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Neutral Stimulus:
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Bell
Acquisition:
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UCS:
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Food
UCR:
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Salivation
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CS:
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Beginning to
associate bell with
food
Bell
CR:
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Salivation: but now
caused by food
Examples
Personal Example: Task #3
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Figure out NS, UCS, UCR, CR, CS, and
acquisition point.
 When I first got to Concordia I was showering
once when I heard someone yell “flush!” I did
nothing and then suddenly I was nailed with
scorching hot water. Again I was showering
and heard someone yell “flush” and again I
was scorched with hot water. After a few more
times with the same outcome I heard the word
flush while showering and jumped out of the
shower.
Examples
Personal Example
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Word “Flush”
Acquisition:
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UCS:
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NS:
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Hot water
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CS:
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UCR:
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Jump out of
way/pain
Word “Flush”
CR:
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Examples
After few more
times being burned
Jump out of shower
Task #4
Write what you learned from doing the
two activities on the internet page
 How many trials did it take for you to get
results?
 What did you have to do to get results?
 What was the UCR, UCS, CR, and CS of
one of your activities
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Key Terms (Op.Cond)
Operant Conditioning
 B.F. Skinner
 Positive Reinforcement
 Negative Reinforcement
 Punishment
 Omission Training
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Task #5 and #6
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http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/infobooks/training/animal-behavior-&learning.htm
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Write a summary of what you learned from
reading those sections
Task #6: Then go to this site and read
thru slides: Completion Grade!!
http://bcs.worthpublishers.com/gray/cont
ent/psychsim5/launcher.html
Operant Conditioning
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Shaping
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA
Example
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How is dodgeball (the game) a classic example of Operant
conditioning?
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Positive Reinforcement
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Punishment
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Hit someone w/ball; stay in longer, less people
Hit by ball = out of game
Neg. Reinforcement
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Avoid ball to not be kicked out of game
Lesson Closing Before Video
Classical Conditioning Applications
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Behavior Therapies
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Systematic Desensitization
Implosion Therapy
 Aversion Therapy
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Movie Example
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tun69lWQMZw
Operant Conditioning Applications
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Behavior Modifications Schools
Token Economy
 Programmed Learning
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B.F. Skinner
Developed
idea of
reinforcement and helped
establish Behaviorist
approach, as well as
operant conditioning
Omission Training
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Procedure that involves withholding
reward following a particular response or
action.
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Example:
Come home late and lose car privileges
 Speed and lose personal money
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Punishment
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practice of imposing something
unpleasant or aversive on a person or
animal, usually in response to
disobedient or morally wrong behavior to
discourage its repetition
Cussing = soap in the mouth
 Detention for talking back in class
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Positive Reinforcement
 Use
of a reward in learning,
encouraging repetition of that
behavior
 Example
 Candy
for good/correct answers
Operant Conditioning
Learning behavior, and is influenced
by reward or unpleasant
consequence after that behavior.
Negative Reinforcement
 Use
of unpleasant consequence
in learning process
 Example
 Study
to avoid failing test
 Obey law to avoid jail
 Eat to avoid starvation
Shaping
Reinforcement of different steps
towards the desired behavior
Shaping
Op. #2
FR
Reward is given after a fixed
number of positive responses;
not just one.
Fixed Ratio reinforcement schedule
Op. #2
FI
Reward is given if a desired
behavior happens w/in a
particular period of time
Fixed Interval Reinforcement
Op. #2
Implosion Therapy
Behavior therapy where someone with a
phobia is directly exposed to the feared
stimulus until it disappears
Implosion Therapy
Systematic Desensitization
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Type of behaviour therapy, where for example a the
person's phobia is broken down into the discreet S-R
units that make it up. These are ranked from least
stressful aspect, to most stressful aspect. The
therapist works though each S-R unit helping the
person to replace each dysfunctional response of
being afraid, with a more functional response of feeling
relaxed.
Behavior Therapies
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A category of therapies based upon
Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning.
Includes Systematic Desensitization,
Implosion Therapy, and Aversion
Therapy
Aversion Therapy
Purpose is to replace a pleasant
stimulus-response association
with an unpleasant association
Aversion Therapy
Behavior Modification
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Therapies based on Operant
Conditioning. Includes the Token
Economy, and Programmed Learning.
Behavior modification concerns the use
of reward in the learning process.
Token Economy
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Involves the use of a reward in areas like
prisons, psych wards, group homes,
which is exchanged by the recipient for
goods, services etc. The reward or token
is only given for desired behaviors.
Programmed Learning
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Programmed learning applies the principles of
operant conditioning to the learning
experience. Used in flexi-learning; distance
learning; computer-based learning etc, what is
to be learned is divided up into small chunks,
or units. Your reward is passing a unit, which
allows you to then progress onto the next one.
Each unit is a wee bit more difficult than the
one that came before.