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VOCABULARY WORDS FOR 6th GRADE SCIENCE 1) Analyze- To examine carefully and in detail to identify causes, key factors, or results. 2) Astronomer- A scientist who studies the universe beyond Earth. 3) Atmosphere- The envelope of gases that surrounds Earth. 4) Axis- An imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North and South Poles about which Earth rotates. 5) Big Bang- The initial explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe. 6) Bio- Life or living. 7) Cementation- The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass. It is the fourth step to form a sedimentary rock. 8) Centi- One hundredth of a basic unit of measurement. 9) Classify- To organize into groups based on similarities. 10) Cleavage- A mineral’s ability to split easily along flat surfaces. 11) Compaction- The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight. It is the third step to form a sedimentary rock. 12) Compare- To examine two or more objects and note similarities. 13) Conclusion- The outcome of an experiment to tell if your hypothesis is correct or incorrect. 14) Conservation- The practice of using less of a resource so that it will not be used up. 15) Continental Drift- The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface. 16) Contrast- To examine two or more objects and note unlikeness or differences. 17) Controlled Experiment- An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time. 18) Controlled Variable- The variables that are not changed in an experiment. 19) Convergent Boundary- A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. It is the main cause for mountains to form. 20) Core- The central region of an object. 21) Crust- The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface. 22) Data- Facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observation. 23) Density- The amount of mass of a substance in a given volume. 24) Deposition- The process in which sediment is laid down in new locations. It is the second step to form a sedimentary rock. 25) Divergent Boundary- A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. It is the main cause for volcanoes to form. 26) Dormant- A volcano that is not currently active, but that may become active in the future. 27) Earthquake- The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface. 28) Eclipse- The partial or total blocking of one object in space by another. 29) Energy- The ability to do work or cause change. 30) Equinox- The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun. 31) Erosion- The destructive process in which water, wind, or gravity loosens and carries away fragments of rock. It is the first step to form a sedimentary rock. 32) Estimate- An approximate judgment or evaluation. 33) Evaluate- To determine the significance or worth of the results of an experiment. 34) Evolution- The process by which all the different kinds of living things have changed over time. 35) Extinct- A volcano that is no longer active and is unlikely to erupt again. Or an organism that no longer lives on Earth. 36) Fault- A break or crack in Earth’s lithosphere along which the rocks move. 37) Fossil- A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock. 38) Fossil Fuel- An energy-rich substance (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) formed from the remains of organisms. 39) Fracture- The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way. 40) Galaxy- A huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity. 41) Geo-Earth 42) Geologic Time Scale- A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth’s history. 43) Geologist- A scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth. 44) Gram- The basic metric unit to measure mass. 45) Graph- An instrument for making records. 46) Gravity- A force that moves rocks and other materials downhill; the force that pulls objects toward each other. 47) Habitat- The place where an organism lives and where it obtains all the things it needs to survive. 48) Hardness- The level of a mineral’s ability to be scratched. 49) Hypothesis- A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question. It must be testable! (An educated guess) 50) Igneous Rock- A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface. 51) Inertia- The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. 52) Infer/inference- To draw a conclusion based on reasoning. 53) Interpret- To give or provide the meaning of. 54) Kilo- One thousand of a basic unit of measurement. 55) Kinetic Energy- The energy an object has due to its motion. 56) Lava- Liquid magma that reaches the surface. 57) Light Year- The distance that light travels in one year. 58) Liter- The basic metric unit of volume. 59) Luster- The way a mineral reflects light from its surface. 60) Magma- The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. 61) Manipulated/Independent Variable- The one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment. 62) Mantle- The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core. 63) Mass- The amount of matter in an object. 64) Metamorphic Rock- A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. 65) Meteorologist- A scientist who studies the causes of weather and tries to predict it. 66) Meter- The basic metric unit to measure length. 67) Metric System- A decimal system of weights and measures based on the meter as a unit of length, the gram as a unit of mass, and the liter as a unit of volume. 68) Milli- One thousandth of a basic unit of measurement. 69) Mineral- A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. 70) Objective- What a scientist tries to obtain or accomplish based on their efforts. 71) Observing- The process of using one or more of your senses to gather information. 72) Ology- The study of. 73) Orbit- The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space. 74) Pangaea- The name of the single landmass that broke apart over 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents. 75) Potential Energy- Energy that is stored and available to be used later. 76) Predicting- To tell in advance what you think is going to happen. 77) Purpose- An intended or desired result. 78) Qualitative- Pertaining to quality or qualities. 79) Quantitative- Pertaining to the measurement of quantity. 80) Responding/Dependant Variable- The factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulated variable. 81) Revolution- The movement of an object around another object. 82) Rock Cycle- A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another. 83) Rotation- The spinning motion of a planet on its axis. 84) Science- A way of learning about the natural world. 85) Scientific Law- A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions. 86) Scientific Method- The ongoing process of discovery in science. 87) Scientific Theory- A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations. 88) Sedimentary Rock- A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. 89) Solstice- The two days of the year in which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator. 90) Streak- The color of a mineral’s powder. 91) Summarize- To put an answer into a brief and comprehensible format. 92) Transform Boundary- A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. It is the main cause of earthquakes. 93) Universe- All of space and everything in it. 94) Variable- A factor that can change in an experiment. 95) Volcano- A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface. 96) Volume- The amount of space an object takes up. 97) Water Cycle- The continual movement of water among Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. 98) Weather- The condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. 99) X-axis- The horizontal axis of a coordinate system. 100)Y-axis- The vertical axis of a coordinate system.