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Lecture Unit 01 SGOs: Endocrinology
Readings: Marieb & Hoehn, Ch. 16
Pierce College Student Outcomes:
Lecture Outcome 10: Characterize the major gross and microscopic anatomical components of the endocrine system
contrasting the functional roles of their hormones in communication, regulation and integration.
By studying the lecture notes and assigned readings, you should be able to do the following:
1. Compare and contrast the nervous system and endocrine system regarding mediator
molecules, distance from site of release to target receptor, target cells, relative speed of effect
and relative duration of effect.
2. Give relative source and point of action, and an example of circulating (systemic) hormones,
paracrines and autocrines.
3. List the actions of hormones.
4. Classify the following as either lipid or water soluble:
steroids
T4
peptide/protein hormones
cholesterol
thyroxine
hypothalmic hormones
testosterone
NO, nitric oxide
pituitary hormones
estrogen
amine hormones
parathyroid hormone
estradiol
catecholamines
calcitonin
cortisol
epinephrine
stomach hormones
cortisone
norepinephrine
small intestine hormones
progesterone
dopamine
erythropoietin
aldosterone
histamine
leptin
T3
seratonin
eicosanoids
triiodothyronine
melatonin
5. Identify the following from their structure: cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol (estrogen),
triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), nitric oxide, epinephrine, histamine, serotonin,
prostaglandin, leukotriene.
6. Recognize the steroid hormones by name listed in objective 4 above and state their
biosynthetic source.
7. Describe the endocrine effects of nitric oxide and the role sildenafil plays on this.
8. Describe how fat-soluble hormones travel from source to target receptors, where the
receptors are located and how these hormones work.
9. Give three things transport proteins do for fat-soluble hormones.
10. State the amino acid sources of the following: catecholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine,
dopamine, histamine, serotonin, melatonin, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
11. Describe how water-soluble hormones travel from source to target receptors, where the target
receptors are located and how these hormones work.
12. Explain how one glucagon molecule can trigger the release of 100 million glucose molecules
into the blood.
13. Describe how cholera toxin induces diarrhea.
14. Describe five factors that affect hormone action on target cells.
Putman/Pierce College Biol 242 Unit 01 SGQs/20110107
15. Explain what affects hormone blood levels.
16. Characterize, and explain the causes and effects of up and down regulation.
17. Characterize permissiveness, synergism and antagonism and how they affect hormone action.
18. Explain why blood concentrations of fat-soluble hormones tend to fluctuate less than watersoluble hormones.
19. Describe the three stimuli that control hormone release.
20. For the following hormones, state their lipid/water solubility, source (gland), effect(s) and
regulation:
human growth hormone
adrenocorticotrophic hormone
cortisone
insulin-like growth factors
corticotropin-releasing hormone corticosterone
growth hormone releasing
melanocyte-stimulating
gonadocorticoids
hormone
hormone
catecholamines
growth hormone inhibiting
oxytocin
epinephrine
hormone
antidiuretic hormone
norepinephrine
thyroid stimulating hormone
(vasopressin)
estrogens (estradiol,
thyrotropin-releasing hormone thyrotropin-releasing hormone
estrone)
follicle-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone
progesterone
gonadotropin-releasing
calcitonin
testosterone
hormone
parathyroid hormone
melatonin
luteinizing hormone
mineralocorticoids
thymopoetins &
prolactin
aldosterone
thymosins
prolactin-inhibiting hormone
glucocorticoids
erythropoietin
dopamine
cortisol
atrial natriuretic peptide
prolactin-releasing hormone
hydrocortisone
leptin
21. For the following hormones, state their lipid/water solubility, source (gland and cell type),
biosynthesis, effect(s) and regulation:
triiodothyronine, T3
thyroxine, T4
22. Characterize and give the causes and effects of goiter, Grave’s disease, cretinism and
myxedema.
23. State why it is a good idea to take KI (potassium iodide) tablets during a nuclear emergency.
24. For the following hormones, state their lipid/water solubility, source (gland and cell type),
effect(s) and regulation:
glucagon
insulin
25. Characterize diabetes and give the causes and effects of type I, type II and gestational forms
of the disease.
26. Give the causes and effects of insulin hypersecretion.
27. Discuss all the ways blood sugar is hormonally regulated.
28. Describe the functional anatomy of the pituitary gland.
29. Describe the causes and effects associated with taking HGH over a long period of time,
juvenile hypersecretion, juvenile hyposecretion and adult hypersecretion of HGH.
30. Give the effects of hypo- and hypersecretion of aldosterone.
Putman/Pierce College Bio 242/Unit 01 Objectives/20110107
31. Characterize and give the cause, effects and treatments for Cushing’s disease/syndrome and
Addison’s disease.
32. Based on what we’ve studied in this unit, discuss how growth rates in children are
hormonally regulated.
33. Discuss how blood calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels are hormonally regulated by
the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
34. Describe the functional anatomy of the adrenal gland.
35. Characterize the sort-term and long-term effects of stress.
Practice Tests:
-www.myaandp.com. Chapter 16 Art-Labeling Quiz questions 1-4, 6; Matching Quiz questions
1-22; Multiple-Choice Quiz questions 1-30; True-False Quiz questions 1-21; Chapter 16 Practice
Test questions 1-19.
Putman/Pierce College Biol 242/Unit 01 Objectives/20100104/Page 3