Download Light Independent

What is this?
Questions to Consider
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is this an animal or
plant?
This is nicknamed the
“photosynthetic sea
slug”, why?
What performs
photosynthesis?
Why is this animal
green?
VIDEO
How do organisms obtain energy?
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
- Use sunlight to make
own food
- Consume other
organisms as food
sources
Hetero eats auto.
What about our sea slug??
So what
is Energy?
Energy:
the ability
to do work.
Remember Active
Transport...What did
it require?
ATP
Adenosine
Triphosphate
● Ribose -- 5 carbon
sugar
● Adenine
● 3 phosphates
● Source of energy
for all cells
See ATP...think ENERGY!
So what happens
when we remove
a P?
We make
Adenosine
Diphosphate, or
ADP.
Since ADP can be
added to make ATP,
the cell uses it to
store energy.
8.2 Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Equation
Using the sun’s energy, plants convert carbon
dioxide and water into glucose(sugar) and
oxygen.
Photosynthesis
★ Process uses the sun’s energy to make
glucose
★ Carried out in plants and some bacteria
★ Occurs in the chloroplast
★ Two reactions are involved: Light Dependent
and Light Independent
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
- found in the thylakoids
- pigment that captures
sunlight
Accessory Pigments
- Carotenoids - yellow/orange
- Anthocyanin - red/purple
Why are plants green? Because they reject it!
Light Dependent
Light Dependent
- In the thylakoid membrane
- Chlorophyll traps sunlight and makes ATP
- Photolysis: sunlight breaks water into H and
O2
Light Independent
Light Independent
- In the stroma
- Uses ATP from light reaction and carbon
dioxide from the air to make glucose.
- Called the Calvin Cycle
Sugar
**There is a lot more to this but I want you to get the big picture.
Rate of
Photosynthesis
1. Temperature
2. Light Intensity
3. [CO2]
What are the inputs
and outputs of
Photosynthesis?
Where does the light
reaction take place?
What are the 3 parts
of an ATP molecule?
9.1 Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Equation
The cell uses glucose and oxygen to make carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Cellular (Aerobic) Respiration
★ Releases energy by breaking down food
molecules in the presence of oxygen
★ Carried out in plants and some bacteria
★ Occurs in the
mitochondria
Mitochondria
➔ 2 of the 3 steps in
Cellular Respiration
occur here:
◆ Kreb’s Cycle
◆ Electron Transport
Chain
The 3 stages of
Cellular
Respiration
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb’s Cycle
3. Electron Transport
Chain
Glycolysis
● “Breaking glucose”
● Occurs in the
cytoplasm
● Does NOT require
oxygen
● Net gain = 2 ATP
One day you will learn that this is a complicated process, but for now… big picture!
Kreb’s Cycle
● Also called the
Citric Acid Cycle
● In the matrix of
Mitochondria
● Requires Oxygen
● Result: CO2
● Net gain = 6 ATP
One day you will learn that this is a complicated process, but for now… big picture!
Electron Transport
Chain
● In the Inner
membrane of
the
Mitochondria
● Requires Oxygen
● Net gain = 34
ATP One day you will learn that this is a complicated process, but for now… big picture!
CR Summary
AL
OT
36 T
How are PS and CR related?
What is required in
the Kreb’s cycle and
the ETC?
What if there is no oxygen?
★ Fermentation (or Anaerobic Respiration) occurs when oxygen is NOT
present
★ Occurs AFTER glycolysis
★ Skips Kreb’s and ETC
★ Occurs in anaerobic bacteria, yeast, and
muscle cells
★ 2 types:
○ Alcoholic (pyruvate to ethanol)
○ Lactic Acid (pyruvate to lactic acid)
Two types of Fermentation
Lactic Acid
- Occurs in muscles
- Heavy exercise
- Lactic Acid ↑ causes burning
sensation you get while working
out
Alcoholic
- Occurs in yeast
- Also used for making wine and
beer
The Big Picture
In what ways are
plants and animals
dependent on each
other?
How is breathing
(ventilation) related
to cellular
respiration?
(Think about both the
reactants and the products of cellular respiration)
Describe the
relationship
here...