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Unit 4 – Inheritance Schedule Learning Targets 1. I will compare asexual and sexual reproduction. 2. I will interpret and predict patterns of inheritance including the following: dominant, and recessive traits, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, sex-linked traits, independent assortment, test cross, pedigrees, and Punnett Squares. Factual Knowledge – Recognize and Recall the definition of the following terms. 1. Chromosome – threadlike structure within the cell nucleus that contains the genetic material (DNA) that is passed from one generation to the next 2. Diploid – two of each kind of chromosome; one from each parent (2n) 3. Haploid – one of each kind of chromosome; gametes (1n) 4. Karyotype – picture of a person’s chromosomes used to determine sex and if disorders are present 5. Asexual reproduction - the production of offspring in which only one parent is required and the offspring are genetically identical to the parent (draw budding or binary fission) 6. Interphase - time during which a cell grows in size, makes more organelles, and replicates chromosomes 7. Mitosis - process through which the nucleus divides in two; each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes 8. Sexual Reproduction – reproduction in which two parent cells join together to form a new individual with a genetic makeup that is different from either parent 9. Meiosis – a process of cell division in a sexually reproducing organisms that divides half the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells; creates haploid cells 10. Crossing over/genetic recombination - homologous chromosomes become so close that they exchange genetic information 11. Gene – a segment of DNA that codes for a protein and that determines a single trait 12. Allele – two forms of a gene 13. Dominant – stronger of the two genes expressed as a hybrid; represented by a capital letter 14. Recessive – gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lower case letter 15. Genotype – gene combination for a trait 16. Phenotype – the physical feature resulting from a genotype 17. Homozygous – gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes 18. Heterozygous – gene combination of one dominant and one recessive allele 19. Pedigree – a chart used to trace the inheritance of a specific trait through several generations in a family 20. Incomplete dominance – blending of traits; one allele is not completely dominant over another 21. Codominance – both alleles contribute to the phenotype 22. Multiple alleles – three or more alleles code for a trait 23. Polygenic traits – trait controlled by two or more genes 24. Sex linked trait – a trait carried by an allele on a sex chromosome Conceptual Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Analyze how cells grow, perform their jobs, and reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Summarize the steps of mitosis and how this creates two (2) identical daughter cells. Describe how animal cells use specialized organelles (centrioles) to aid in cell division. Differentiate between the multi-factorial causations of cancer including the roles of genetics and environment. Describe how the process of meiosis promotes genetic diversity for sexually reproducing organisms. Sequence the steps of meiosis and understand the importance of crossing over, reduction and division. Describe the patterns of basic Mendelian inheritance including dominant and recessive traits. Analyze the possible outcomes of a given genetic cross using phenotypic and genotypic ratios. Determine how to perform a test cross to determine an unknown recessive genotype. Summarize Mendel’s Principles / Laws of Inheritance for 1 factor (Monohybrid) cross. Differentiate between and solve for various types of complex inheritance including incomplete, codominance, multiple alleles, and polygenic traits. 12. Describe how non-disjunction, failure of chromosomes to separate properly, promotes chromosomal disorders. 13. Identify and describe the inheritance pattern of human genetic and chromosomal disorders. Procedural Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Interpret Human Karyotypes to verify the sex and possible disorders of an individual. Correctly sequence pictures of mitotic & meiotic phases and describe the events occurring in each of the stages. Perform various Punnett Square crosses to calculate phenotypic and genotypic ratios. Complete Pedigrees of various individuals over generations to determine the inheritance of a trait or disorder. Interpret Human Karyotypes to verify the sex and possible disorders of an individual. Evaluate blood samples to test for the presence of a disorder to then trace its inheritance via pedigree analysis. Metacognitive Knowledge Labs/Inquiry – Modeling Mitosis, Modeling Meiosis, Egg Head Meiosis, How Accurate are Predictions, Baby Face Lab Quests – Chromosomes, Mitosis and Meiosis, Genetic Terms, Punnett Squares Benchmark – October 19th Essential Standards Objectives: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/docs/acre/standards/new-standards/science/biology.pdf Unit Schedule Date What is Due? Topic/Objectives Chromosomes and Karyotypes Activity The Way We Are Video Chromosomes & Karyotype Notes 10/9 Tuesday Modeling Mitosis Asexual Reproduction 10/10 Wednesday Modeling Meiosis Sexual Reproduction Q – Chromosomes Asexual Reproduction Notes Modeling Mitosis Sexual Reproduction Notes Modeling Meiosis 10/8 Monday 10/11 Thursday Genetic Terms 10/12 Friday Pumpkin Meiosis Pedigrees 10/15 Monday How Accurate are Predictions Lab Mendel and Punnett Squares 10/16 Tuesday Punnett Squares 10/17 Wednesday Beyond Mendel 10/18 Thursday 10/19 Friday Case StudyHuntington’s Genetic Disorders Summative Assessment Q – Mitosis and Meiosis Red and Blue People Genetic Terms Notes Pedigree Chart Notes Pumpkin Meiosis Q – Genetic Terms Mendel Notes How Accurate are Predictions Lab Case Study – Huntington’s Gene The Punnett Square ws Bikini Bottom ws Test Cross Notes Q – Punnett Squares Beyond Mendel Notes Beyond Mendel Practice Genetic Disorder Notes Baby Face Lab Unit 4 Benchmark Homework Day 1 OUT UR 1-9; Vocab 1-4 Study for Quest Day 2 OUT UR 10-14 Day 3 OUT UR 15-22; Vocab 5-10 Study for Quest Day 4 OUT Vocab 11-18 Day 5 OUT UR 23; Vocab 19 Study for Quest Day 6 OUT UR 24-26 Day 7 OUT UR 27-29 Day 8 OUT UR 30-35 Vocab 20-24 Study for Benchmark CS – Other’s Peoples Children (honors) Reteaching/Reassessment Activities – students are expected to retest if score is below 77 Parent Letters and Remediation Sheets – Objectives 1.2.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3 Unit Reflection – Remediation Sheets - Chromosomes, Mitosis and Meiosis, Genetic Terms, Punnett Squares Enrichment Activities - Case Study - Huntington’s