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Ms Lizanne Life Cycle • A plant's life cycle describes how long a plant lives or how long it takes to grow, flower, and set seed. Plants can be either an annual, perennial, or biennial. • Annual • A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season. It will grow, flower, set seed, and die. • Examples: Marigolds, tomatoes, and petunias. • Perennial • A plant that lives for 3 or more years. It can grow, flower, and set seed for many years. • Examples: Daisies, chrysanthemums, and roses. Ms Lizanne Life cycle ……continued • Biennial • A plant that needs two growing seasons to complete its life cycle. • It grows vegetatively (produces leaves) one season. • Then it goes dormant or rests over the winter. • In the spring, it will begin to grow again and grow flowers, set seed, and die. • The seed that is left behind on the ground germinates and the cycle begins again. • Examples: Parsley, carrots, and foxglove. Ms Lizanne Plant Parts • Basic parts of plants are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Ms Lizanne Roots • The roots help provide support by anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients needed for growth. • Nutrients are substances that the plant needs to be healthy. • Plants can have either a Taproot system (such as carrots, turnips) or a fibrous root system (such as turf grass). • In both cases, the roots are what carries the water and nutrients needed for plants to grow. Ms Lizanne Stem • The stem is made up of lots of tiny tubes through which water can move. • Stems carry water and nutrients taken up by the roots to the leaves. • Then the food produced by the leaves moves to other parts of the plant. • Stems also provide support for the plant allowing the leaves to reach the sunlight that they need to produce food. Ms Lizanne The leaves are joined to the stem at the node and the space between the nodes is the internode. Leaves • Leaves are the food making factories of green plants. • Leaves come in many different shapes and sizes. • Leaves can be simple. An oak leaf or a maple leaf are examples. A compound leaf is a leaf made up of separate leaflets. • They are important to plants as they are where the plant’s food is made. Ms Lizanne Photosynthesis • Leaves help the plant use energy from the sun to make food from water and the air around it. • This process is called photosynthesis. • In this process, carbon dioxide water and light energy are changed into glucose (a sugar). • This energy rich sugar is the source of food used by most plants. • Photosynthesis is unique to green plants. • Photosynthesis supplies food for the plant and oxygen for other forms of life. • A green plant helped make the Ms Lizanne oxygen you are breathing today. Flowers & Seeds • Flowers not only look pretty but, in fact, are important in making seeds. • Flowers have some basic parts. • The female part is the pistil. • The pistil usually is located in the center of the flower and is made up of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary. • The stigma is the sticky part at the top of the pistil. • It is attached to the long, tube-like structure called the style. • The style leads to the ovary that contains the female egg cells called ovules. Ms Lizanne Petals / Pollination • Petals are also important parts of the flower, because they help attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies and bats. • When an insect visits a flower, pollen sticks to it and brushes against the stamen. • The insect visits another flower, the pollen brushes onto the flower’s stigma, and pollination takes place. Ms Lizanne Fertilization • The male parts are called stamens and usually surround the pistil. • The stamen is made up of two parts: the anther and filament. The anther produces pollen. The filament holds the anther up. • During the process of fertilization, pollen lands on the stigma, a tube grows down the style and enters the ovary. • When the pollen reaches the ovary fertilization occurs. • The fertilized ovule becomes the seed, and the ovary becomes the fruit. Ms Lizanne Fruit • The fruit is the ripened ovary of a plant containing the seeds. • After fertilization, the ovary swells and becomes either fleshy or hard and dry to protect the developing seeds. • Many fruits help seeds spread. • Many things we call vegetables are really fruits such as tomatoes and cucumbers. Ms Lizanne What is a seed? • Most plants come from seeds. • Seeds come in all shapes, sizes, and types. • They can be small, like radishes, medium, like marigolds, or large, like sunflowers. • Seeds from flowering plants have seed coats to protect them. • Seeds remain dormant (asleep) until they are given soil, water, andMslight. Lizanne Seed Dispersal • Seeds spread by the wind, water or by animals and birds. • This is called seed dispersal. • Seeds fall onto the ground and germinate as long as the conditions are right. Ms Lizanne Seed dispersal Ms Lizanne Germination • Germination is when a seed starts to grow into a new plant. • All seeds need water to germinate and usually warmth. • Light is not always needed for germination. • When a seed germinates a root and shoot start to grow. • As the seedling grows, it develops a stem, leaves and more roots. Ms Lizanne Life cycle of a plant Ms Lizanne