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Warm-Up Answer the following questions in complete sentences. What are the elements present in lipids and carbohydrates? The elements present in lipids and carbohydrates are… How is a carbohydrate made from many monosaccharide monomers? A carbohydrate is made from many monosaccharide monomers by… What are the elements present in lipids and carbohydrates? 1. 2. 3. 4. carbon, hydrogen and oxygen carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen carbon, nitrogen and oxygen carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen How is a carbohydrate made from many monosaccharide monomers? 1. 2. 3. 4. performing a hydrolysis reaction compaction of sugar grains into a hard substance dehydration synthesis reactions the association of hydrophobic tails with hydrophilic sugar molecules Enzymes UNIT 3 UNIT Enzymes 3 • Enzymes make chemical reactions happen faster. (a reactant becomes a product). Food becomes Energy O2 CO2 Alcohol All happens faster if an enzyme is involved! waste in urine *actually not true, wait until we talk about Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration UNIT Enzymes 3 • Enzymes make chemical reactions happen faster. (a reactant becomes a product). • Reactant = substrate Food Reactant (substrate) becomes Energy Product UNIT Enzymes 3 • Enzymes make chemical reactions happen faster. (a reactant becomes a product). • Reactant = substrate • Specific enzymes react with specific substrates by binding (attaching) to them. Hmm… Mr. Enzyme Food O2 Alcohol Reactant (substrate) Product UNIT Enzymes 3 • Enzymes make chemical reactions happen faster. (a reactant becomes a product). • Reactant = substrate • Specific enzymes react with specific substrates by binding (attaching) to them. Mr. Enzyme Food O2 I choose you, O2! Alcohol Reactant (substrate) Product Enzymes • Enzymes make chemical reactions happen faster. (a reactant becomes a product). • Reactant = substrate • Specific enzymes react with specific substrates by binding (attaching) to them. • The substrate fits in the enzyme like a key in a lock. UNIT 3 UNIT Enzymes • Enzymes make chemical reactions happen faster. (a reactant becomes a product). • Reactant = substrate • Specific enzymes react with specific substrates by binding (attaching) to them. • The substrate fits in the enzyme like a key in a lock. • The part of the enzyme that fits with the substrate is called the active site. 3 active site active site active site UNIT Enzymes 3 • “Catalyze” = “speed up a reaction” Without enzyme With enzyme Amount of product Sometimes 1,000 times faster! Time UNIT Enzymes • “Catalyze” = “speed up a reaction” • The energy required to start a reaction is the activation energy. 3 Energy of Reaction Activation Energy reactant product Time UNIT Enzymes • “Catalyze” = “speed up a reaction” • The energy required to start a reaction is the activation energy. • Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy. 3 Energy of Reaction Activation Energy w/ enzyme reactant product Time Enzymes • “Catalyze” = “speed up a reaction” • The energy required to start a reaction is the activation energy. • Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy. • If the temperature rises too high, enzymes become denatured and no longer work. UNIT 3 Enzymes • “Catalyze” = “speed up a reaction” • The energy required to start a reaction is the activation energy. • Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy. • If the temperature rises too high, enzymes become denatured and no longer work. UNIT 3 Enzyme Video #1 Watch the video, and complete the following sentence in your notebook: The substrate binds to the enzyme at the ________ _________. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdMVRL4oaUo UNIT 3 Enzyme Video #2 Watch the video, and complete the following sentence in your notebook: Two abiotic factors which can denature enzymes are ________ and __________. https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation _4145881127&feature=iv&src_vid=XUn64HY5bug&v=qgV FkRn8f10 UNIT 3 Independent Practice Get a book, turn to page 58 and complete questions 1-4. Also, answer this question: how does a lock and key model an enzyme? UNIT 3 Closure Answer the following question in a complete sentence: Describe what it means for an enzyme to be specific to a substrate. Suggested sentence stem: An enzyme is “specific” to a substrate because… Name/Nombre Date/Fecha Period ____