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Download CHE 1401 - Fall 2013 - Chapter 7 Homework 7 (Chapter 7: Periodic
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CHE 1401 - Fall 2013 - Chapter 7 Homework 7 (Chapter 7: Periodic properties of the elements) _______________________________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Hydrogen is unique among the elements because __________. 1. It has only one valence electron. 2. It is the only element that can emit an atomic spectrum. 3. Its electron is not at all shielded from its nucleus. 4. It is the lightest element. 5. It is the only element to exist at room temperature as a diatomic gas. A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 2, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 E) 3, 4 1) 2) Which equation correctly represents the electron affinity of calcium? A) Ca- (g) → Ca (g) + e- 2) B) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + eC) Ca+ (g) + e- → Ca (g) D) Ca (g) + e- → Ca- (g) E) Ca (g) → Ca- (g) + e3) Element M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula MO. When MO is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M could be __________. A) Na B) N C) S D) Ba E) C 3) Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow: (i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 (ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 (iii)1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 (iv)1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 (v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 4) The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy is __________. A) (i) B) (ii) C) (iii) D) (iv) E) (v) 1 4) 5) The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have a positive electron affinity is __________. A) (i) B) (ii) C) (iii) D) (iv) E) (v) 5) 6) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius? A) Co B) I C) Sr D) Ca 6) E) Ba 7) Of the elements below, __________ has the largest first ionization energy. A) H B) Na C) K D) Rb E) Li 7) 8) In nature, the noble gases exist as A) alkali metal salts B) the gaseous fluorides C) solids in rocks and in minerals D) monatomic gaseous atoms E) the sulfides 8) 9) __________ is isoelectronic with argon and __________ is isoelectronic with neon. A) Cl-, F- 9) B) F+, FC) Cl-, Cl+ D) Ne-, Ar+ E) Ne-, Kr+ 10) __________ have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed. A) Alkali metals B) Noble gases C) Transition elements D) Halogens E) Alkaline earth metals 2 10) 11) Hydrogen is unique among the elements because __________. 1. It is not really a member of any particular group. 2. Its electron is not at all shielded from its nucleus. 3. It is the lightest element. 4. It is the only element to exist at room temperature as a diatomic gas. 5. It exhibits some chemical properties similar to those of groups 1A and 7A. A) 1, 2, 3, 5 B) 1, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D) 3, 4 E) 2, 3, 4, 5 11) 12) Alkali metals tend to be more reactive than alkaline earth metals because __________. A) alkali metals have lower densities B) alkali metals have greater electron affinities C) alkali metals have lower ionization energies D) alkali metals have lower melting points E) alkali metals are not more reactive than alkaline earth metals 12) 13) In which orbital does an electron in a phosphorus atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge? A) 1s B) 3p C) 3s D) 2s E) 2p 13) 14) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity. A) Cl B) Si C) B D) P E) Al 14) 15) Consider the following properties of an element: (i) It is solid at room temperature. (ii) It easily forms an oxide when exposed to air. (iii) When it reacts with water, hydrogen gas evolves. (iv) It must be stored submerged in oil. Which element fits the above description the best? A) sulfur B) mercury C) sodium D) magnesium E) copper 15) 16) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius? A) F B) S C) O D) Ne 16) E) Cl 17) Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy? A) P B) Na C) Mg D) Si E) Al 3 17) 18) Of the elements below, __________ has the highest melting point. A) Ca B) Fe C) Na D) K 18) E) Ba 19) Of the following atoms, which has the largest first ionization energy? A) Br B) P C) I D) O E) C 19) 20) Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy? A) K B) Ca C) Ba D) Rb E) Sr 20) 21) Of the following oxides, __________ is the most acidic. A) CaO B) Al2O3 C) Li2O D) Na2O 21) E) CO 2 22) This element is more reactive than lithium and magnesium but less reactive than potassium. This element is __________. A) Ca B) Fr C) Na D) Rb E) Be 22) 23) When two elements combine to form a compound, the greater the difference in metallic character between the two elements, the greater the likelihood that the compound will be __________. A) a gas at room temperature B) nonmetallic C) a solid at room temperature D) metallic E) a liquid at room temperature 23) 24) Which element would be expected to have chemical and physical properties closest to those of fluorine? A) Fe B) O C) Ne D) Cl E) S 24) 25) Of the following metals, __________ exhibits multiple oxidation states. A) Cs B) Al C) Ca D) Na E) V 25) 26) The ion with the smallest diameter is __________. A) BrB) IC) O2- 26) D) Cl- E) F- 27) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity. A) I B) Cl C) Br D) Se E) S 4 27) 28) The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by __________. A) orbital radial probability B) outer electrons C) electrondistribution D) inner electrons E) nuclear charge 28) 29) Of the following elements, which have been shown to form compounds? 29) helium neon argon krypton xenon A) xenon, krypton, and argon B) xenon and krypton C) xenon and argon D) xenon only E) None of the above can form compounds. 30) The alkali metal that is naturally radioactive is __________. A) cesium B) lithium C) rubidium D) francium E) sodium 30) 31) Which one of the following has the smallest radius? A) P B) Fe C) Cl D) Na 31) E) Br 32) Which one of the following compounds would produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water? A) CaO B) MgO C) CO2 D) Na2O E) SrO 32) 33) The acidity of carbonated water is due to the __________. A) nonmetal oxides B) addition of acid C) reaction of CO2 and H2O D) presence of sulfur E) none of the above 33) 5 34) Atomic radius generally increases as we move __________. A) up a group and from right to left across a period B) down a group; the period position has no effect C) down a group and from left to right across a period D) down a group and from right to left across a period E) up a group and from left to right across a period 34) 35) Which element is solid at room temperature? A) Br2 B) I2 C) H2 35) D) Cl2 36) Of the following species, __________ has the largest radius. A) Kr B) Rb + C) BrD) Sr2+ E) F2 36) E) Ar 37) In which of the following atoms is the 2s orbital closest to the nucleus? A) P B) S C) Si D) Cl E) The 2s orbitals are the same distance from the nucleus in all of these atoms. 37) 38) Nonmetals can be __________ at room temperature. A) solid or liquid B) solid only C) liquid or gas D) liquid only E) solid, liquid, or gas 38) 39) Chlorine is much more apt to exist as an anion than is sodium. This is because __________. A) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid B) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does C) chlorine is bigger than sodium D) chlorine is more metallic than sodium E) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does 39) 40) The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is __________. A) B > N > C B) P > S > Se C) F > Cl > S D) Na > K > Rb E) Si > P > S 40) 6