enjoy chemistry
... therefore, react with a few elements only under certain conditions. Therefore, they are now known as noble gases. (ii)Noble gases are mostly chemically inert. Their inertness to chemical reactivity is attributed to the following reasons: (i) The noble gases except helium (1s2) have completely filled ...
... therefore, react with a few elements only under certain conditions. Therefore, they are now known as noble gases. (ii)Noble gases are mostly chemically inert. Their inertness to chemical reactivity is attributed to the following reasons: (i) The noble gases except helium (1s2) have completely filled ...
GRAPHITE
... Streak (color when crushed to a powder): Black gray Luster: Metallic to dull Crystal structure: Hexagonal Cleavage: Basal in direction 1,1 Fracture: Conchoidal (smooth shell-like) ...
... Streak (color when crushed to a powder): Black gray Luster: Metallic to dull Crystal structure: Hexagonal Cleavage: Basal in direction 1,1 Fracture: Conchoidal (smooth shell-like) ...
File
... Oxygen and silicon are the two most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere. Oxygen is found in the atmosphere as O2, in the oceans in H2O, and in the earth’s crust primarily in silicate and carbonate minerals. Because oxygen is everywhere, it is not too surprising that it is ...
... Oxygen and silicon are the two most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere. Oxygen is found in the atmosphere as O2, in the oceans in H2O, and in the earth’s crust primarily in silicate and carbonate minerals. Because oxygen is everywhere, it is not too surprising that it is ...
Chapter 23 Metals and Metallurgy
... Transition Metals • Many important metals are included in this group. • The transition metals are the elements in the d block of the periodic table. ...
... Transition Metals • Many important metals are included in this group. • The transition metals are the elements in the d block of the periodic table. ...
Chapter 22 - 2012 Book Archive
... B2H6(g) → 2B(s) + 3H2(g) The reaction shown in Equation 22.3 is used to prepare boron fibers, which are stiff and light. Hence they are used as structural reinforcing materials in objects as diverse as the US space shuttle and the frames of lightweight bicycles that are used in races such as the Tou ...
... B2H6(g) → 2B(s) + 3H2(g) The reaction shown in Equation 22.3 is used to prepare boron fibers, which are stiff and light. Hence they are used as structural reinforcing materials in objects as diverse as the US space shuttle and the frames of lightweight bicycles that are used in races such as the Tou ...
Chapter 23 Metals and Metallurgy
... • Many important metals are included in this group. • Comprised of elements in d block of periodic table. ...
... • Many important metals are included in this group. • Comprised of elements in d block of periodic table. ...
chm 205 - National Open University of Nigeria
... hexagons (Fig. 1.2). The bond length is 142 pm showing some multiple bond character, intermediate between a double and a single bond. Different layers are at a distance of 335 pm from each other and are thus held by weak van der Waals forces only. These layers can slide over one another easily, impa ...
... hexagons (Fig. 1.2). The bond length is 142 pm showing some multiple bond character, intermediate between a double and a single bond. Different layers are at a distance of 335 pm from each other and are thus held by weak van der Waals forces only. These layers can slide over one another easily, impa ...
Chemistry Revision Checklist F4 2017 (inc F3)
... State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic acid or a molecular structure Describe the concept of homologous series as a ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group Describe the gener ...
... State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic acid or a molecular structure Describe the concept of homologous series as a ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group Describe the gener ...
Group 1: The Alkali Metals
... Alkali metals are known for being some of the most reactive metals. This is due in part to their larger atomic radii and low ionization energies. They tend to donate their electrons in reactions and often have an oxidation state of +1. These metals are characterized as being extremely soft and silve ...
... Alkali metals are known for being some of the most reactive metals. This is due in part to their larger atomic radii and low ionization energies. They tend to donate their electrons in reactions and often have an oxidation state of +1. These metals are characterized as being extremely soft and silve ...
Descriptive Chemistry of Elements p
... (Ge), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb). Carbon forms an entire branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry which will not be discussed here. Some physical properties of the Group 14 elements are given in Table 2.1. The general valence electron configuration is ns2np2. Carbon shows the highest melting and b ...
... (Ge), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb). Carbon forms an entire branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry which will not be discussed here. Some physical properties of the Group 14 elements are given in Table 2.1. The general valence electron configuration is ns2np2. Carbon shows the highest melting and b ...
InorgCh8.2
... 1) Discovery in 1766 by Cavendish a) Nonreactive, leftover fraction of air (after N2, O2, CO2 all reacted) b) Not separated from each other 2) He discovered in 1868 by Locklear and Frankland a) New emission line observed during a solar eclipse b) Helios = Greek for “sun” c) Rare on Earth (Dexter, Ka ...
... 1) Discovery in 1766 by Cavendish a) Nonreactive, leftover fraction of air (after N2, O2, CO2 all reacted) b) Not separated from each other 2) He discovered in 1868 by Locklear and Frankland a) New emission line observed during a solar eclipse b) Helios = Greek for “sun” c) Rare on Earth (Dexter, Ka ...
Unit - 7.pmd
... pπ -p π multiple bonds with itself and with other elements having small size and high electronegativity (e.g., C, O). Heavier elements of this group do not form pπ -pπ bonds as their atomic orbitals are so large and diffuse that they cannot have effective overlapping. Thus, nitrogen exists as a diat ...
... pπ -p π multiple bonds with itself and with other elements having small size and high electronegativity (e.g., C, O). Heavier elements of this group do not form pπ -pπ bonds as their atomic orbitals are so large and diffuse that they cannot have effective overlapping. Thus, nitrogen exists as a diat ...
The p-Block Elements The p-Block Elements
... The tendency to exhibit –3 oxidation state decreases down the group due to increase in size and metallic character. In fact last member of the group, bismuth hardly forms any compound in –3 oxidation state. The stability of +5 oxidation state decreases down the group. The only well characterised Bi ...
... The tendency to exhibit –3 oxidation state decreases down the group due to increase in size and metallic character. In fact last member of the group, bismuth hardly forms any compound in –3 oxidation state. The stability of +5 oxidation state decreases down the group. The only well characterised Bi ...
CHE 128 Autumn 2011 Specific Objectives – Exam 1 A periodic
... Calculate volume given the three spatial dimensions (length, width, height) of a substance Calculate density of a substance based on its mass and volume Compare densities to determine which substance will float on top or sink to the bottom Convert units raised to a power Identify an example of matte ...
... Calculate volume given the three spatial dimensions (length, width, height) of a substance Calculate density of a substance based on its mass and volume Compare densities to determine which substance will float on top or sink to the bottom Convert units raised to a power Identify an example of matte ...
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
... • They have large, negative electron affinities. – Therefore, they tend to oxidize other elements easily. ...
... • They have large, negative electron affinities. – Therefore, they tend to oxidize other elements easily. ...
The Preparation of an Explosive: Nitrogen
... purple smoke and a snapping/popping noise. Nitrogen-nitrogen bonding is highly unstable as is nitrogen bonded to other oxidizing agents. The explosion in the experiment occurs due to nitrogen’s weak bonging, except in cases in which it is bonded to hydrogen, which makes nitrogen highly reactive. Due ...
... purple smoke and a snapping/popping noise. Nitrogen-nitrogen bonding is highly unstable as is nitrogen bonded to other oxidizing agents. The explosion in the experiment occurs due to nitrogen’s weak bonging, except in cases in which it is bonded to hydrogen, which makes nitrogen highly reactive. Due ...
Chapter 18: The Representative Elements
... burst into flames when exposed to air. Red phosphorus is used in the striking surfaces of matches because the phosphorus ignites with friction. Chapter 18: The Representative Elements ...
... burst into flames when exposed to air. Red phosphorus is used in the striking surfaces of matches because the phosphorus ignites with friction. Chapter 18: The Representative Elements ...
Chapter 18: The Representative Elements The Representative
... ns2np5 (n is the period number). In its elemental state, all halogens atoms combine to form diatomic molecules (ex. F2,I2,…). With the exception of F, the halogens can also lose valence electrons and their oxidation states can range from -1 to +7. Chapter 18: The Representative Elements ...
... ns2np5 (n is the period number). In its elemental state, all halogens atoms combine to form diatomic molecules (ex. F2,I2,…). With the exception of F, the halogens can also lose valence electrons and their oxidation states can range from -1 to +7. Chapter 18: The Representative Elements ...
INERT GASES -
... contribution. The net force operating on the represel ktative molecule can be expressed as a "two-body" force, acting between the molecule on one hand and its neighbors on the oth er. The bulk property is then obtained by adding up these effects for all the molecules which are present, assuming that ...
... contribution. The net force operating on the represel ktative molecule can be expressed as a "two-body" force, acting between the molecule on one hand and its neighbors on the oth er. The bulk property is then obtained by adding up these effects for all the molecules which are present, assuming that ...
Elements compounds and mixtures
... together to form large crystal lattices. No individual molecules can be distinguished. Examples include SiO2 (quartz). Corundum (Al2O3) also forms these, even though Al is considered a metal. Network solids are among the hardest materials known. They have extremely high melting points and do not con ...
... together to form large crystal lattices. No individual molecules can be distinguished. Examples include SiO2 (quartz). Corundum (Al2O3) also forms these, even though Al is considered a metal. Network solids are among the hardest materials known. They have extremely high melting points and do not con ...
1 chemistry of the nonmetals
... Because hydrogen forms compounds with oxidation numbers of both 1 and 1, many periodic tables include the element in both Group IA (with Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) and Group VIIA (with F, Cl, Br, I, and At). There are many reasons for including hydrogen among the elements in Group IA. It forms com ...
... Because hydrogen forms compounds with oxidation numbers of both 1 and 1, many periodic tables include the element in both Group IA (with Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) and Group VIIA (with F, Cl, Br, I, and At). There are many reasons for including hydrogen among the elements in Group IA. It forms com ...
Nonmetal
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In chemistry, a nonmetal (or non-metal) is a chemical element that mostly lacks metallic attributes. Physically, nonmetals tend to be highly volatile (easily vaporised), have low elasticity, and are good insulators of heat and electricity; chemically, they tend to have high ionization energy and electronegativity values, and gain or share electrons when they react with other elements or compounds. Seventeen elements are generally classified as nonmetals; most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine); and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine).Moving rightward across the standard form of periodic table, nonmetals adopt structures that have progressively fewer nearest neighbours. Polyatomic nonmetals have structures with either three nearest neighbours, as is the case (for example) with carbon (in its standard state of graphite), or two nearest neighbours (for example) in the case of sulfur. Diatomic nonmetals, such as hydrogen, have one nearest neighbour, and the monatomic noble gases, such as helium, have none. This gradual fall in the number of nearest neighbours is associated with a reduction in metallic character and an increase in nonmetallic character. The distinction between the three categories of nonmetals, in terms of receding metallicity is not absolute. Boundary overlaps occur as outlying elements in each category show (or begin to show) less-distinct, hybrid-like or atypical properties.Although five times more elements are metals than nonmetals, two of the nonmetals—hydrogen and helium—make up over 99 per cent of the observable Universe, and one—oxygen—makes up close to half of the Earth's crust, oceans and atmosphere. Living organisms are also composed almost entirely of nonmetals, and nonmetals form many more compounds than metals.