Download Inherited Diseases Guided Reading

Inherited Diseases Guided Reading
Name:____________________________
Date:_____________________________
DIRECTIONS: As you read the “Inherited Diseases Handout,” answer
the questions. They are in order!
Assignment #:_________Block:________
1. What can cause an error in the structure of hemoglobin? ______________________________________
A change in the gene or a mutation
____________________________________________________________________________________
The red pigment in blood, it carries the oxygen
2. What is hemoglobin? __________________________________________________________________
3. What does it mean that the gene for normal hemoglobin and the sickle cell gene are codominant?
The two alleles are both expressed
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Carriers show all the effects of the disorder.
TRUE FALSE
1
5. How many sickle cell genes does a person have to inherit to have Sickle Cell Anemia? ______________
10%
6. What percent of African Americans carry the sickle cell trait? ______________
Africa
7. Is sickle cell anemia more common in the United States or in Africa? ___________________________
8. Explain the relationship between sickle cell carriers and malaria. _______________________________
Sickle cell carriers do not generally get malaria
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9. How does the relationship in #8 contribute to the higher rate of sickle cell carriers in Africa? ________
It would be beneficial while living in an area with a lot of malaria to be a carrier
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XX
Xy
10. Write the genotype for females: _________
For males:__________
X
11. Which sex cell carries genes for traits other than gender-related traits? _________
12. If a mother carries a recessive gene on her X chromosome, which is more likely to inherit that recessive
Son
trait, a son or a daughter? _________________
13. Why does the answer to #12 inherit the recessive trait? ______________________________________
Because the son only needs one allele
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14. What is hemophilia? ___________________________________________________________________
A disorder where the blood does not clot or is slow to clot
____________________________________________________________________________________
Queen Victoria and her descendants
15. Who were the carriers of hemophilia in the royal families of Europe? ___________________________
16. Why did hemophilia spread through the royal families in Europe? ______________________________
Her daughters, who were carries married other royals
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Colorblindness
17. Name another sex-linked recessive trait besides hemophilia. __________________________________
18. Describe how color-blindness affects people. _______________________________________________
They are unable to distinguish between two or more colors
__________________________________________________________________________________
Males
19. Who is more likely to be colorblind, males or females? _____________________________________
20. Explain why: _______________________________________________________________________
Males only need to inherit one allele from their mom, there is no corresponding allele to mask it on the y
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. Define nondisjunction: _______________________________________________________________
When a set of chromosomes do not separate equally or correctly
__________________________________________________________________________________
Meiosis
22. During what process does nondisjunction happen? ________________________________________
23. What do body cells inherit as a result of nondisjuction? ____________________________________
Too many or too few chromosomes
_________________________________________________________________________________
The size, shape, and number of chromosomes in an organism
24. What does a karyotype show? ________________________________________________________
21
25. Which pair of chromosomes on the karyotype has an extra chromosome? _________________
Down Syndrome
26. What is the common name for Trisomy 21 (having an extra 21st chromosome)? ________________
_____________________
27. What effect does having an extra 21st chromosome have on a human? ______________________
Mental and physical impairments
________________________________________________________________________________
28. How can doctors determine if a baby will have an inherited disorder before it is born? ____________
Amniocentesis
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The baby’s cells and chromosomes
29. What do doctors examine from the amniotic fluid? _____________________________________
30. What do scientists hope to be able to do in the future if they detect an inherited disorder? ________
Treat disorders before birth
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