Download 8th grade Review TOPIC: Characteristics of Life Do Now: What is the

th
8
grade Review
TOPIC: Characteristics of
Life
Do Now: What is the
basic unit of all living
things?
Notes: (found on Ms.
Harris’s Carey website)
What are
•Processes
life
must
be
processes?
that
carried out by
ALL living
things
Nutrition • Taking food into the
body (ingestion),
breaking it down into
a form usable by
cells (digestion), and
eliminating
undigested food
(egestion)
Transport
• Circulation =
moving materials
throughout the
organism
Respiration
• Releasing energy
stored in food
Excretion• Removal of
METABOLIC (cellular)
WASTES
Regulation • Control & Coordination
of all life processes
• Humans – nervous &
endocrine systems
• All living things
respond to changes.
Reproduction • Production of new
individuals
• As an individual, a
living thing doesn’t
have to reproduce
BUT as a species it
must in order to
keep it’s kind alive
Growth • Increase in size
• Or undergo change
Metabolism
• Sum total of all
life processes in
the body
• Every single thing
carries out
metabolic
activities
• Maintains HOMEOSTASIS
• HOMEOSTASIS = maintaining
a stable, internal environment
Cells
• Cells carry out life
processes
• Basic unit of all living
things
• Plant cells and animals
cells have common
structures
Cell Membrane
•A.k.a.
•Plasma Membrane
•Surrounds the cell
• Semi-permeable
• Selectively permeable
• Allows certain materials
in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
•Watery material
•Holds cell organelles
•Site of most
chemical reactions
Nucleus
• Contains hereditary
information
• DNA/genes found in
chromosomes
Onion Cells
Ribosomes
•Make proteins
•(protein synthesis)
Mitochondria
•Site of cellular
respiration
•(Where ENERGY is
made)
Vacuoles
Plant cell
•Stores materials
•(food, water, wastes…)
Lysosome
Digestion:
where
digestive
enzymes are
stored
Cell Wall
• Surrounds & supports cell
• Made of cellulose 
(gives it shape)
CELL WALL
Cell Membrane
Chloroplasts
•Carry out
photosynthesis
•Contain green pigment
called chlorophyll
How are the • 5 LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION
cells in a
multicellular
organism
organized?
1. Cells •Different
cells
have different
jobs.
•EX: rbc,
muscle cells
2. Tissue • Group of similar
cells that
perform a
specific function
• Blood cells  blood
tissue
• Muscle cells  muscle
tissue  movement
3. Organ •Many tissues
working
together
•Examples:
heart, brain,
stomach…
• Heart =organ made of
muscle, nerve & blood
tissue
4. Organ • Group of organs
System working together to
perform a specific
function
• Examples: Digestive
system, skeletal
system…
Skeletal & Muscular Systems
5. Organism•A
living thing
• Organ systems
that work
together to
maintain
HOMEOSTASIS
Levels of organization
Muscle cell
_____
Smooth muscle tissue
______
Stomach
Digestive system
______
_______
_________
Levels of organization
Muscle cell
Cell
Smooth muscle tissue
Tissues
Stomach
Digestive system
Organs
System
Organism
What is
classification?
• Grouping of
organisms based
on similarities
Largest groups
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Smallest groups and
most closely related to
Species
each other
Kings
Play
Chess
On
Fine
Green
Stools
Kingdom • Largest classification
group
• Very diverse
Species • Organisms that belong
to the same speciescan mate and produce
fertile offspring
How do we • Carolus Linnaeus
name
• Binomial
organisms? Nomenclature
• Two-word system
of identifying
organisms
• Genus species
• Examples:
• Humans Homo sapiens
• Homo = Genus
• sapiens = species
Kingdom
Phylum
Animalia
Chordata
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Lupus
(the wolf)
Canis lupus
Fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster
What tool do • Dichotomous key
is used to • What does the
find the
term
“di”
name of an
represent?
organism?
• Detailed list of
characteristics
• Arranged in steps with 2
descriptive statements at
each step