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DO NOW! Take a bubble sheet from the front of the room 2. Set aside: Notebook, Signed Syllabus, Notebook Cover 3. Prepare for your Diagnostic Test 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. Clear your desk Fill in your student number as your Gradecam ID Bubble the appropriate spaces with your student # Write your name, the date, and block in the upper left hand corner (outside the box) AP Psychology T.O.C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Prologue Cover page Preview/Process Reading Notes pp. 1-17; Introspection/Evolution wkst Blank Learning and Memory Cover page Preview p. 6 How does the discussion of learning in this chapter differ from the definition of learning we typically discuss in school? Chapter 8: Learning pp. 312-324 NB p.7 Objective 1: What is Learning? A relatively permanent change in behavior based on prior experiences Objective 1: What are two forms of learning? Associative learning: linking of two events that occur close together; Conditioning Ex. Getting sick after IHOP not ordering eggs benedict from IHOP Observational learning: learn from others’ experiences and examples Ex. Watching someone trip over a break in the sidewalk watching where you walk Objective 2: What is Classical Conditioning? Classical Conditioning: the repeated pairing of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) with a neutral stimulus (NS) to produce the same behavior Objective 2: What is behaviorism? Behaviorism: Psychology as an objective science and study only observable behavior. “…the prediction and control of behavior” –Watson “Conditioned” = “Learned” Do Now Find your new seat 2. Take out Classical Conditioning Practice Worksheet 3. Trade with partner 4. Get out a different color pen/pencil to grade 1. Objective 2: What are the components of Classical Conditioning? Unconditioned stimulus (UCS): an event that produces, or elicits, an automatic or unlearned response Unconditioned response (UCR): an automatic or unlearned response/reaction that is preceded, or elicited, by an unconditioned stimulus Neutral stimulus (NS): A stimulus that does not elicit a response prior to learning Conditioned stimulus (CS): an original neutral stimulus that has been paired repeatedly with the unconditioned stimulus to produce or elicit, a response Conditioned response (CR): a response/reaction elicited by the conditioned stimulus Objective 2: What are the components of classical conditioning? Pavlov’s Dogs Dwight Objective 2: What are the components of classical conditioning? UCS (food) UCR (salivation) UCS (food) + NS (bell) UCR (salivation) CS (bell) CR (salivation) Objective 3: How long does it take to acquire a conditioned stimulus-response relationship? Acquisition: initial learning stage in classical conditioning Not long at all with repetition The process of acquisition is biologically adaptive, it allows an organism to prepare for good or bad events Responding to cues (stimuli) that help in gaining food, avoiding dangers, location a mate, etc. Objective 4: How do extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination occur in classical conditioning? Extinction: when the conditioned stimuli no longer elicits the conditioned response after repeated presentation of the CS without the UCS. Spontaneous Recovery: the recovery of a previously extinguished response after a passage of time Generalization: the tendency for a conditioned response (behavior) to be elicited by similar stimuli Discrimination: the ability to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and similar stimuli that are not associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Objective 5: How are generalization and discrimination valuable to survival? Ex. Associating all foul smells with spoiled food may prevent sickness Ex. Distinguishing between domestic cats from feral cats may prevent rabies or an attack Objective 6: Are cognitive processes important to classical conditioning? Predictability Expectancy The thought that counts Ex. Dramamine & alcohol Objective 7: How do our biological predispositions affect learning by classical conditioning? Our associations enhance survival specific to our species Nausea, anxiety, pain are all things humans typically avoid Objective 8: How did Pavlov contribute to our understanding of learning? Classical conditioning is one way that virtually all organisms learn to adapt to their environment Studying learning objectively – scientific model for psychology Objective 9: How can classical conditioning improve human health and well-being? Treating Phobias-(conditioned emotional responses) Flooding Systematic desensitization Counterconditioning Conditioned Taste Aversion Process p.6 Provide two examples of your own behaviors that are classically conditioned. The Case of Little Albert