Download Biology Midterm Review

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Biology Midterm Review
1.
The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of –
2. The food web and graph below refer to a particular ecosystem. Which of the following is most likely
responsible for the rabbit population trend as shown on the graph?
3. An ocean food chain is shown in the diagram below. Which organism represents the trophic level
containing approximately 1% of the initial amount of solar energy acquired by the phytoplankton?
4. A native species and a non-native species are competing for resources within the same ecosystem. The
non-native species is more likely to survive than the native species. Why?
5. Lists the order of biological organization from smallest to largest.
6. A terrestrial food web is shown below.
Which organisms are secondary
consumers in this food web?
7. How do enzymes catalyze a reaction?
8. This diagram shows the biochemical pathway that produces arginine in Neurospora, a mold. Neurospora
is easily grown on a simple jelly-like medium. Different substances can be added to the medium. A
mutant Neurospora lacking Enzyme Y would have to have which of these added to its medium in order
to survive?
9. Within the cytoplasm of cells there are specific enzymes able to catalyze a specific reaction. How are
enzymes able to perform these actions?
10. Based on the Graph what would you conclude about temperature’s effect on enzymes?
11. Draw the chemical structure of a fatty acid molecule.
12. Which structures are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
13. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called –
14. A student drew these four diagrams to represent the four smallest levels of
biological organization. Which of these diagrams shows the smallest level that is considered to be
alive?
15. What cellular process is happening in this diagram?
16. How does the cell membrane help to maintain the health of a cell?
17. Name and describe the function of the organelle labeled A?
18. What are the chemicals represented by the Y in the diagram
above?
19. Names and describe the function of the organelle labeled B?
X
A
20. Which cellular process is depicted in the diagram below?
Glucose
21. Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered to be opposite processes?
22. What happens when a cell divides?
23. What may result in the formation of a tumor?
B
Y
24. Which part of the cell cycle includes DNA replication?
25. A photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown below. Which phase of mitosis is
occurring in the cell indicated by the arrow?
26. Draw and label the three components of a nucleotide?
27. What is the process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells?
28. Refer to the diagram below. Arrange the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order.
29. The diagram shows cell division in which an error has occurred. What is the effect of the error?
30. Cells follow a specific process in making proteins from a DNA sequence. Write the correct order of the
steps along with their locations in the cell?
31. Which amino acid would be translated from mRNA codon UGG?
32. The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that normally begins with UAC has been changed so that the
newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins with UAG. What is the effect of this?
33. Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3’ GCT 5’ will affect the protein produced?
A . GTT
C. TCC
B. TCT
D. GCA
34. A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A
substitution mutation occurs and causes the synthesis of the segment as shown. Write the new peptide
chain from the new DNA strand.
New DNA Strand: 3’-TACAGGGTGCTACCCACT-5’
35. The codon chart above applies to –
36. Which of the following DNA sequences is found at the beginning of every protein-coding segment?
37. A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration. How is
information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
38. The fact that a strain of yeast with a certain defective gene can use the human version of the gene to
repair itself is evidence that yeast and humans –
39. Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled below. What is the purpose of
this cellular process?
40. What type of molecule is produced during transcription?
41. A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to42. Human body cells each have 46 chromosomes in their nuclei. Meiosis is necessary in order to ensure
that each gamete produced in the human body has –
43. How does DNA in cells determine an organism’s complex traits?
44. Write the mRNA sequence to match the section of DNA shown?
45. What is the function of mRNA in the diagram?
46. The diagram below represents a two-step process that occurs in cells. Identify what A, B, and D
represent in this diagram.
Step 1:
Step 2:
47. According to the karyotype, the individual is a-
48. A section of a nucleic acid is shown below. The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule
that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?
49. The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules
and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules.
These two molecules are –
50. The human body contains many different types of cells, including skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells.
All of these cells contain the exact same DNA sequence. What causes these cells to perform different
functions?