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AdvancedGenetics:Bio5491 ProblemSet#1:Mendel,Mutations,Chromosomes,andHeredity Due:Monday,January232017 Typeallshortanswersinyourownwords.Adddiagramswherenecessary. Chapter2:Mendel 1. Besidespeas,namefiveoftheorganismsMendelstudied.WhywasHieraciuma poorchoiceforstudyingsegregationandrecombination? 2. WhatnewprocedureswerecarriedoutinMendel’swork?Whywashis experimentalapproachsoeffective? 3. WhatisFisher’smostseriouscriticismofMendel’sratios?WhatdoesFishershowis trueofMendel’swholeseriesofdata? 4. HowdotheresultsofreplicationsofMendel’sexperimentsconflictwithFisher’s criticisms?Whatistheoverallimpressionoftheseresults? Chapter11:Mutation 5. Whatwasthefirstquestioninregardstotheoriginofnewgenes?Aslateas1914, howwerenewlyarisenformsexplained? 6. Whattwotypesofmutationscanbestudiedeasilyindiploidorganisms?Whattypes ofmutationsaredifficulttostudyindiploidorganisms?Whatmakesthemdifficult? 7. Muller’sexperimentaldesigninDrosophilafulfilledwhattworequirements necessarytoestablishaquantitativestudyofmutation?Whatwasthesignificance ofthe“ClB”chromosome? 8. HowdidMullerandStadlerindependentlyshowtheeffectofionizingradiationon mutationsrates?Istherelationshiplinearorexponential? TheChromosomesinHeredity 9. WhatpossibilitydoesSuttonraiseonpage8,inregardstochromosomesand allelomorphs?Whatevidencedoeshepresenttosupporthishypothesis? 10. WhatareBateson’sthreecasesofnon-Mendelianinheritance?Describethemin yourownwords. 11. WhatisSutton’skeycontributiontotheworldofgenetics? GeneticsReview 12.Inasinglesentence,definethefollowingcommongeneticterms:A.Homozygous B.HeterozygousC.AneuploidyD.Linkage 5. Linkagedisequilibrium 6. Synteny 7. Expressivity 8. Penetrance 9. Pleiotropy 10. Epistasis 11. Epigenetics 12. Inheritance 13. Heritability 14. Hardy-WeinbergEquilibrium 15. Evolution 14.Considerflowercolorasahypotheticalmonogenictraitinpeas.Flowerscanberedor white,andtheredallele(R)isdominant.Ifyoucrossahomozygousred(RR)plantwitha homozygouswhite(rr)plant,whataretheexpectedphenotypeandgenotyperatiosforthe F1andF2generations?Whatphenotyperatioswouldyouexpectforthesetwogenerations iftheredallelewasanincompletedominantandheterozygoteshadpinkflowers? 15.Drawthestepsofmeiosisinananimalcell,includingoneinstanceofcrossingover(use color).Makesureallrelevantcellularcomponentsandprocessesareshownandproperly labeled(cellmembrane,nuclearenvelopebreakdown,chromatin,homologous chromosome,sisterchromatid,spindle,interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase, telophase,cytokinesis,gametes,tetrad,centromere,metaphaseplate,diploid,haploid, microtubuleorganizingcenter,centriole,chiasma,synapsis,kinetochore).
