Download 普通生物學 - 國立臺南大學

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國立臺南大學 環境與生態學院 生態科學與技術學系
第二階段第一次考試
普通生物學
學生人數：34 位 教師：鄭先祐
日期：2013 年 11 月 22 日(週五) 下午 2:00 – 2:50
(考題公告，僅供參考)
一、單選題：請選最佳的答案。總共有 31 題，正確答案，每題計 2 分，
總計 62 分。答錯，每兩題，倒扣 1 分。
1. Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to
long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected
to have black fur and long tails?
A) 1/16
B) 3/16
C) 3/8
D) 1/2
E) 9/16
2. In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a
homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short?
A) 1
B) 1/2
C) 1/4
D) 1/6
E) 0
3. In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype
AABBCC?
A) 1/4
B) 1/8
C) 1/16
D) 1/32
E) 1/64
4. In human cel containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
A) a sperm
B) an egg
C) a zygote
D) a somatic cell of a male
E) a somatic cell of a female
5. Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during
A) mitosis
B) meiosis I
C) meiosis II D) fertilization
E) binary fission
6. If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the
DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be
A) 0.25x
B) 0.5x
c) x
D) 2x
E) 4x
7. Which of the following defines a genome?
A) representation of a complete set of a cell's polypeptides
B) the complete set of an organism's polypeptides
C) the complete set of a species' polypeptides
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D) the complete set of an organism's genes
E) a karyotype
8. Which is the smallest unit containing the entire human genome?
A) one human gene o
B) one human chromosome
C) all of the DNA of one human
D) one human somatic cell
E) the entire human population
9. Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?
A) Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of plants
and fungi.
B) In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their
offspring.
C) In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis.
D) Sexual reproduction requires that parents be diploid.
E) Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring.
10. At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the
preparation of a karyotype?
A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) interphase
11. Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell.
B) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell.
C) Each cell has eight homologous pairs.
D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes.
E) A gamete from this species has four chromosomes.
12. Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following
elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common?
I.
Alternation of generations
II. Meiosis
III. Fertilization
IV. Gametes
V.
Spores
A) I, IV, and V
B) I, II, and IV
C) II, III, and IV
D) II, IV, and V
E) I, II, III, IV, and V
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13. Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?
A) A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond
hair.
B) A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a
multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).
C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo
fertilization to produce a diploid zygote.
D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo
fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis.
E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which
then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell.
14. The human X and Y chromosomes
A) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike.
B) are about the same size and have approximately the same number of genes.
C) are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names.
D) include genes that determine an individual's sex.
E) are called autosomes.
15. Which of these is a karyotype?
A) a natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus
B) a display of all the cell types in an organism
C) organized images of a cell’s chromosomes
D) the appearance of an organism
E) a display of a cell’s mitotic stages
16. Mitosis is commonly found in all of the following except
A) a haploid animal cell.
B) a diploid animal cell.
C) a haploid plant cell.
D) a diploid plant cell.
17. Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
A) chromosome replication
B) synapsis of chromosomes
C) production of daughter cells
D) alignment of chromosomes at the equator
E) condensation of chromatin
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18. To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase with a microscope, what
would you look for?
A) sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome grouped at the poles
B) individual chromosomes all at the cell's center
C) an uninterrupted spindle array
D) the synaptonemal complex
E) pairs of homologous chromosomes all aligned at the cell's center
19. What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his
experiments with pea plants?
A) There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.
B) Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of "blending."
C) Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant
ones.
D) Genes are composed of DNA.
E) An organism that is homozygous for many recessive traits is at a disadvantage.
20. How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by
an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 32
E) 64
21. Why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F2 or F3 generation?
A) to obtain a larger number of offspring on which to base statistics
B) to observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappear
C) to observe whether or not the dominant trait would reappear
D) to distinguish which alleles were segregating
E) to be able to describe the frequency of recombination
22. Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait.
What does this suggest?
A) that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits
B) that the trait shows incomplete dominance
C) that a blending of traits has occurred
D) that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait
E) that each offspring has the same alleles for each of two traits
23. A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H)
and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes
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is possible in a gamete from this organism?
A) tt
B) Hh
C) HhTt
D) T
E) HT
24. When crossing an organism that is homozygous recessive for a single trait with a
heterozygote, what is the chance of producing an offspring with the homozygous
recessive phenotype?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%
25. The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the
principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the
following?
A) None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation.
B) The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7.
C) All of the genes controlling the traits were located on the same chromosome.
D) All of the genes controlling the traits behaved as if they were on different
chromosomes.
E) The formation of gametes in plants occurs by mitosis only.
26. Which of these is a way that the sexual life cycle increases genetic variation in a
species?
A) by allowing crossing over
B) by allowing an increase in cell number
C) by increasing gene stability
D) by conserving chromosomal gene order
E) by decreasing mutation frequency
27. A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore
conclude which of the following?
A) It must be human.
B) It must be a primate.
C) It must be an animal.
D) It must be sexually reproducing.
E) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.
28. After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
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29. How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated
their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?
A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of
DNA.
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
30. Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
A) Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
B) The chromosome number per cell is conserved.
C) Sister chromatids are separated.
D) Four daughter cells are formed.
E) Cohesins are cleaved at the centromeres.
31. Chromatids are separated from each other.
A) The statement is true for mitosis only.
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only.
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only.
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
二、感想與建議：僅供教師參考，不予計分。
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國立臺南大學 環境與生態學院 生態科學與技術學系
第二階段第一次考試
普通生物學
學生人數：39 位 教師：鄭先祐
日期：2013 年 11 月 22 日(週五) 下午 2:00 – 2:50
(考題公告，僅供參考)
一、單選題：請選最佳的答案。總共有 31 題，正確答案，每題計 2 分，
總計 62 分。答錯，每兩題，倒扣 1 分。
姓名：
(參考用)
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二、感想與建議：僅供教師參考，不予計分。
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