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Endocrine and Metabolic
Systems
Chapter 6
Objectives
Identify and discuss the organs of the
endocrine and metabolic systems and their
function(s)
 Discuss common illnesses involving the
endocrine and metabolic systems



signs & symptoms
management
Glands of the Endocrine System
Pituitary-hypothalamus
 Pituitary
 Thyroid
 Parathyroid
 Adrenal
 Pancreas
 Testes
 Ovaries

Endocrine System
 The
endocrine glands secrete hormones
regulate the organ systems within the
body
 inhibit or stimulate the release of
additional hormones

 Collectively
these hormones work to
maintain homeostasis
Endocrine System
 Once
a hormone is secreted, it travels
through the blood to the target cells
designed to receive its message
 Along the way, hormones bind to
specific proteins, which act as carriers
 The carriers regulate the amount of
hormone available to the target cells
Endocrine System
 The
target cells have receptors that will
only communicate with specific
hormones
 When the hormones reach the target
cells, they latch onto the receptors
 The hormone-receptor connection
transmits chemical instructions to the
inner working of the cell
Pituitary
 Secretes
thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH)

Works to regulate thyroid function
 Secretes
luteinizing hormone
Stimulates ovulation
 Stimulates release of testosterone

Pituitary (cont.)
 Secretes
follicle-stimulating hormone
Increases estrogen release in females
 Increases sperm production in males

 Secretes

Stimulates the kidneys to absorb water
 Secretes

antidiuretic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates the adrenal glands to release
cortisol
Thyroid
 Secretes

thyroid hormone (T4 and T3)
Designed to increase metabolism
Adrenal Glands
 One
on top of each kidney
 Each made up of an inner & outer
portion
Adrenal Glands
 Outer

portion (adrenal cortex)
Secretes corticosteroids
aldosterone
 Cortisol


Influences or regulates
Fluid balance
 Immune system
 Response to stress
 Sexual development & function

Adrenal Glands
 Inner

portion (adrenal medulla)
Secretes catecholamines
Epinephrine
 Norepinephrine


Increases blood pressure and heart rate
when the body responds to stress
Glands of the Endocrine System
 Pancreas

Secretes
Insulin
 Glucagon

Works to maintain steady levels of
glucose in the blood
 Maintain stores of energy
 Keeps the body supplied with fuel

Glands of the Endocrine System
 Ovaries

Secretes
estrogen
 progesterone

Regulates menstrual cycle
 Produces secondary female sex
characteristics

Glands of the Endocrine System
 Testes

Secretes

testosterone
Produces secondary male sex
characteristics
 Regulates sperm production
characteristics
 Involved in protein synthesis

General Signs & Symptoms
 Changes
in skin color, texture, or
appearance
 Hyperhydrosis/diaphoresis
 Body/breath odor
 Polydipsia/polyuria
 Arthralgia/myalgia
 Amenorrhea/impotence
General Signs & Symptoms
(cont.)
 Confusion
or change in mental
function
 Paresthesia
 Edema/pitting edema
 Polyphagia
 Postural (orthostatic) hypertension
 Lethargy & fatigue
Common Pathology of the
Endocrine System
 Diabetes
Type I
 Type II

 Hyperthyroidism
 Hypothyroidism
 Adrenal
insufficiency
 Growth hormone problems
Questions?