Download AP Psychology CA 4 Spring Mid-Point

Bremen School District 228 Social Studies Common Assessment 4: Spring Midterm (Units 1 ­ 10) 0241 A.P. Psychology T​
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­55 minutes, 75 ​
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uestions Directions: ​
Each of the questions or i​
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complete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet​
. ELECTRONIC DEVICES: Please keep all electronic devices hidden from sight, as these devices are expressly forbidden during the test. If you are caught using one to cheat, you will receive a zero for the test, and may be subject to further disciplinary action. 1. When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation? A) somatic B) parasympathetic C) central D) sympathetic E) sensorimotor 2. A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to enter 20 elevators a day. The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the _________​
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of the patient's fear. A) generalization B) latent learning C) shaping D) extinction E) reinforcement 3. Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower
for skunk odor than his parents have. A) accommodation level B) absolute threshold C) tolerance level D) olfactory saturation level E) adaptation level 4. Maria has always taken responsibility for preparing family meals because she learned that this was expected of women. Her behavior best illustrates the importance of A) heritability. B) social identity. C) temperament. D) gender roles. E) accommodation. 1 5. The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called A) gestalt. B) change blindness. C) frequency. D) the cocktail party effect. E) sensory interaction. 6. After losing his left hand in an accident, Jack continued to experience pain in his nonexistent hand. His experience illustrates A) bottom­up processing. B) sensory adaptation. C) phantom limb sensations. D) the vestibular sense. E) top­down processing. 7. Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Olivia is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage. A) preoperational B) concrete operational C) sensorimotor D) formal operational E) postconventional 8. Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group? A) The experimenter exerts the greatest influence on participants' behavior. B) The research participants are exposed to all the different experimental treatments. C) The research participants are exposed to the most favorable levels of experimental treatment. D) The experimental treatment is absent. E) The operational definition is not applied to their variables. 9. Sigmund Freud is to the psychoanalytic perspective as Gordon Allport is to the _________ perspective. A) behavioral B) humanistic C) trait D) social­cognitive E) self­concept 2 10. Who is the best example of a Type B personality? A) Tammy, an ambitious, self­confident waitress B) Mauriucca, a relaxed, understanding social worker C) Tena, a time­conscious, competitive lawyer D) Juanita, an impatient, pessimistic librarian E) Ethel, the effective salesperson 11. Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates A) retroactive interference. B) priming. C) source amnesia. D) proactive interference. E) repression. 12. The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________ memory. A. sensory B. state­dependent C. long­term D. flashbulb E. implicit 13. Raul and Sophia were having a picnic when it started to rain. They did not think of using their big plastic tablecloth as a temporary rain shelter and so were drenched within minutes. Their oversight best illustrates A) the availability heuristic. B) confirmation bias. C) belief perseverance. D) functional fixedness. E) overconfidence. 14. Mr. Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Mr. Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression. A) biological B) psychodynamic C) behavioral D) cognitive E) psychoanalytic 3 15. Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory­enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of A) naturalistic observation. B) the hindsight bias. C) random sampling. D) the double­blind procedure. E) replication. 16. Which psychological perspective highlights the manner in which people encode, process, store, and retrieve information? A) cognitive B) psychodynamic C) behavioral D) biological E) evolutionary 17. Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of A) projection. B) regression. C) rationalization. D) reaction formation. E) displacement. 18. A chess­playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of A) the availability heuristic. B) belief perseverance. C) an algorithm. D) the representativeness heuristic. E) functional fixedness. 19. The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the A) reflex. B) threshold. C) synapse. D) action potential. E) refractory period. 4 20. The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on A) accommodation. B) sensory adaptation. C) the vestibular sense. D) olfactory receptors. E) subliminal stimulation. 21. Which of the following best explains why both million­dollar lottery winners and paraplegics report similar levels of happiness? A) the facial feedback effect B) the relative deprivation principle C) the spillover effect D) the adaptation­level phenomenon E) James­Lange theory 22. When 2­year­old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his A) superego. B) collective unconscious. C) ego. D) id. E) Oedipus complex. 23. The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by A) overconfidence. B) illusory correlation. C) the placebo effect. D) hindsight bias. E) replication. 24. The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n) A) control condition. B) population. C) case study. D) independent variable. E) survey. 5 25. According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the A) id to defend against the accusations and guilt feelings produced by the superego. B) ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized. C) superego to prevent expression of sexual and aggressive drives. D) id, ego, and superego in a repetitive sequence of internal conflicts. E) unconscious to avoid the self­serving bias. 26. While relaxing in a lawn chair enjoying a cool drink, which of the following triggers the "rest­and­digest" response, as your heart rate slows and digestion begins? A) sympathetic nervous system B) limbic system C) somatic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system E) motor cortex 27. According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage. A) anal B) phallic C) oral D) latency E) regression 28. The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the _______ effect. A) serial position B) misinformation C) mnemonic D) priming E) spacing 29. The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called A) sensory adaptation. B) parallel processing. C) sensation. D) perception. E) accommodation. 6 30. Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back? A) parietal B) temporal C) occipital D) frontal E) cerebral. 31. According to the Cannon­Bard theory, the experience of an emotion A) depends on the intensity of physiological arousal. B) can occur only after physiological arousal. C) occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal. D) precedes physiological arousal. E) is intensified or lessened by physiological arousal. 32. Although Camile has detailed memories of her high school experiences, she remembers very little about the boyfriend who abruptly broke off their marriage engagement. According to psychoanalytic theory, it appears that Camile is using the defense mechanism of​
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reaction formation. A) regression. B) repression. C) displacement. D) projection. 33. Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ​
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perspective. A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) social­cultural D) biological E) evolutionary 34. The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the A) cerebellum. B) corpus callosum. C) reticular formation. D) cerebral cortex. E) sensory cortex. 7 35. Primary sex characteristics are to _______
. A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
as secondary sex characteristics are to male testes; adrenal glands female ovaries; deepened male voice female breasts; deepened male voice male testes; female ovaries adrenal glands; underarm hair 36. Jacinda has a glass of wine after work because it relieves her anxiety. Her wine drinking is likely to continue because it is followed by a _________ reinforcer. A) secondary B) partial C) negative D) positive E) conditioned 37. After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half­empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates A) the spacing effect. B) proactive interference. C) the serial position effect. D) motivated forgetting. E) state­dependent memory. 38. Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the A) relative deprivation principle. B) James­Lange theory. C) two­factor theory. D) catharsis hypothesis. E) adaptation­level principle. 39. The process of encoding refers to A) the persistence of learning over time. B) the recall of information previously learned. C) getting information into memory. D) the motivated forgetting of painful memories. E) a clear memory of an emotionally significant event. 8 40. In ​
Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the US was A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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a tone. salivation to the sound of a tone. the presentation of food in the dog's mouth. salivation to the food in the mouth. not used in the conditioning trials. 41. An executive in a computer software firm works with his office door closed. At the same time every hour he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work especially hard during the five minutes before and​
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while the door is open. Their work pattern is typical of responses that are reinforced on a ____________​
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schedule. A. fixed­interval B. partial­interval C. variable­ratio D. variable­interval E. fixed­ratio 42. ​
After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of A. ​
proactive interference. B. the serial position effect. C. state­dependent memory. D. the self­reference effect. E. the misinformation effect. 43​
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Which research method is typically used to examine one participant in depth, usually because the individual's situation/behavior is rare or unusual? A. ​
survey B. correlation C. experiment D. case study E. scientific method 44. ​
Jose has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of A. ​
glutamate. B. dopamine. C. acetylcholine. D. endorphins. E. insulin. 9 45. Money is to food as ________ is to _________ . A. ​
delayed reinforcer; immediate reinforcer B. secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer C. discrimination; generalization D. partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement E. operant conditioning; classical conditioning 46. An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to A. ​
Alzheimer's disease. B. schizophrenia. C. Parkinson's disease. D. depression. E. euphoria. 47. Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate A. ​
shaping. B. extrinsic motivation. C. classical conditioning. D. observational learning. E. negative reinforcement. 48. The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called A. ​
neurotransmitters. B. neural networks. C. synapses. D. axons. E. thresholds. 49. In ​
their classic nine­year study, Friedman and Rosenman found that Type A men are especially susceptible to A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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stomach ulcers. cancer. heart attacks. lupus. depression. 10 50. In ​
the hypothesis "Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep," what is the dependent variable? A. ​
Sleeping patterns B. Waking up C. time of day D. number of terms remembered E. students 51. Rabbits fail to react with fear to a signal of impending shock if they have suffered damage to the part of the brain called the A. ​
hippocampus. B. amygdala. C. thalamus. D. hypothalamus. E. corpus callosum. 52. Which of the following is an unconditioned response? A. ​
playing jump rope B. running through a maze to get a food reward C. sweating in hot weather D. clapping after a thrilling concert performance E. getting money as a reward 53. Freud believed that personality forms as children A. ​
seek fulfillment in a hierarchy of physical and psychological needs. B. demonstrate personality factors on five main dimensions. C. pass through a series of psychosexual stages. D. experience the reciprocal forces of internal and external forces. E. conquer feelings of inferiority and anxiety. 54. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n) A. sympathetic nerve. B. ​
myelin sheath. C. endocrine gland. D. ​
pituitary gland. E. synaptic vesicle. 11 55. Abraham Maslow studied the lives of Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, and Eleanor Roosevelt in order to understand the nature of A. ​
reciprocal determinism. B. ​
an internal locus of control. C. self­actualization. D. ​
the false consensus effect. E. defense mechanisms. 56. Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from A. ​
an Electra complex. B. the spotlight effect. C. an oral fixation. D. feelings of inferiority. E. the Barnum effect. 57. The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________. A. hearing; sensing movement B. seeing; sensing touch C. sensing pleasure; sensing pain D. ​
seeing; hearing E. speaking; hearing 58​
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Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses? A. ​
evolutionary B. biological C. behavioral D. humanistic E. psychodynamic 59. Hypnagogic jerk occurs in which stage? A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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Stage 1 sleep. Stage 2 sleep. Stage 3 sleep. Stage 4 sleep. Stage 5 sleep. 60. Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population? A. random processing B. replication C. correlation D. naturalistic observation E. random sampling 12 61. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n) A. ​
assimilation. B. attachment. C. temperament. D. schema. E. neural network. 62. Julio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. It takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Julio’s bag feel heavier. This best illustrates A. the opponent­process theory. B. accommodation. C. the McGurk effect. D. sensory adaptation. E. Weber's law. 63. C​
ollege graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates, this would indicate that the level of education and income are A. ​
causally related. B. positively correlated. C. independent variables. D. dependent variables. E. negatively correlated. 64. A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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the availability heuristic. confirmation bias. functional fixedness. the representativeness heuristic. the framing effect. 65. Carl Jung referred to a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species histor A. self­reference phenomenon B. defense mechanism. C. collective unconscious. D. psychosexual stages. E. external locus of control. 13 66. Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as A. ​
the spotlight effect. B. unconditional positive regard. C. self­actualization. D. free association. E. self­esteem needs. 67. After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. ​
In ​
this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his __________ memory. A. ​
echoic B. short­term C. flashbulb D. long­term E. implicit 68. Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ____________ perspective. A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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social­cultural behavioral cognitive evolutionary psychodynamic 69. Which theory suggests that large­fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain? A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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signal detection theory opponent­process theory gate­control theory frequency theory parallel processing 70. Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. ​
It ​
is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) _________ psychologist. A. ​
biological B. social C. developmental D. industrial­organizational E. personality 14 71. While Mr. Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view Mr. Gomez's treatment of students as an example of A. reaction formation. B. rationalization. C. displacement. D. projection. E. regression. 72. Elton responds to his daughter's fistfight with, "Good girls don't fight!" but when his son has a fistfight he says, "Did you win?!" The role of Elton's reactions in the gender typing of his children would be of most direct interest to A. ​
behavior geneticists. B. social learning theorists. C. Freudian psychologists. D. evolutionary psychologists. E. humanistic psychologists. 73. Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative contributions of heredity and experience to personality development? A. ​
cognitive B. behavioral C. psychodynamic D. biological E. biopsychosocial 74. After listening to your high­volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates A. Weber's law. B. ​
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accommodation. C. ​
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sensory adaptation. D. ​
the volley principle. E. ​
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transduction. 75. ​
Tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics are ​
called ___________ tests. A. ​
empirical ​
B. ​
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projective C. ​
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multiphasic personality D. ​
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factor analytic E. aptitude 15