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Section: Characteristics of Living Things Key Words: cell, living, single-celled, celled, multi multi-cellular, organism, homeostasis Essential Questions: • • What do all living things have in common? Why haven't scientists catalogued all living things? Two branches of living things - By type of cell Prokaryotic Eukaryotic •cells cells with no nucleus around their DNA •typically typically single single-celled organisms •no no membrane bound organelles •ex. ex. Kingdom Monera •cells cells with a distinct nucleus that encases their DNA •can can be single single-celled organisms or multi-celled •contain contain membrane bound organelles •in in multi multi-celled, cells work together to perform a specialized function (tissues) •ex. ex. Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Similarities among living things composed of cells grow acquire and use energy reproduce reacts to environment Require Energy - - Cell functions require energy § Respiration § Growth § Reproduction Energy use and production § Cellular respiration § C6H12O6 + O2 à CO2 + H2O + energy § Sugar (glucose) + oxygen yields carbon dioxide + water vapor + energy § Energy is stored in the bonds of the sugar molecule § When the sugar molecule is broken, energy is released and able to be utilized by the cell § ATP § Adenosine Triphosphate § The form that the energy takes in the cell to be used § Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell § Tissues that require a lot of energy have cells with a lot of mitochondria § Photosynthesis § CO2 + H2O + sun’s energy à C6H12O6 + O2 § Carbon dioxide + water and the sun’s energy yields sugar (glucose) and oxygen § Builds energy to store into the sugar molecule created § Chemosynthesis § CO2 + 4H2S + O2 à CH20 + 4S + 3H2O § Typically thermal bacteria § Uses hydrogen sulfides instead of sunlight to produce sugar molecules § Occurs in organisms in deep places of the ocean § Hydrothermal vents § Sulfur output is great § No sunlight reaches these depths Classification - - Reform? § Scientist argue if there is need for hierarchy reform § Classification by cell type then further (cell type, then kingdoms) 2 million of possibly 10 million + species on planet identified