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Transcript
Animal Behavior An action or group of actions performed by an animal in response to some stimulus Innate Behavior • The behavior is known from birth and does not have to be learned • Also known as instincts • Examples: – Reflexes – Eating – Flight or Fight Response * Circadian rhythm: based on the 24 hour cycle of the day; light regulated; may determine when an animal sleeps and wakes Learned Behavior • Not known at birth, behavior changes as a result of experience or practice • Types: Habituation, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Insight • Imprinting: forms a social attachment to another object Ex: duckling following a mother duck Habituation • Simplest type of learning • Animal stops responding to a stimulus to which it is repeatedly exposed to • Ignoring a stimulus • Example: Students and third period bells Classical Conditioning • Animal makes a mental connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward or punshiment • Example: Cat and the sound of a can opener Classical Condition (Pavlov’s Dog) Operant Conditioning • Animal learns to repeat behaviors that result in reward and avoid behaviors that result in punishment. • Also known as trial and error • Example: Good grades and performing well in school Insight Learning • Most complicated form of learning • Occurs when an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation. • Example: Applying what you learned in math to science class Social Behavior • Any behavior between members of same species • Examples: – Courtship: dating – Dominance Hierarchy: Queen Bee – Territorial: defends space, mate, or food Migration, Estivation, and Hibernation • Migration- instinctive, seasonal movement of animals Ex: birds migrate to south during winter • Estivation- state of reduced metabolism that occurs in animals living in conditions of intense heat • Hibernation- state in which the body temperature drops substantially, oxygen levels decrease, and breathing rates decline Pheronomes Chemical Comminucators • chemicals emitted by living organisms to send messages to individuals of the same species. • Communication between organisms • Use sights, sounds, smells, and touches • Ex: lion roars when in danger; dog barking at an intruder