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Transcript
Assess Knowledge Key Terms: Selijuq Turks, Urban II, Saracen What were the Crusades? When and where did the first Crusade take place? What were the main causes of the crusades? What was the most important city to the Christians and Muslims in the Holy Land? Why? Wednesday, November 28, 12 The First Crusade 1096-1099 Wednesday, November 28, 12 Anticipatory Set Why do you think Friday the 13th is unlucky? Wednesday, November 28, 12 Points of View Please read the first-hand accounts of the crusades. Pick one of the accounts and summarize it in your own words. Next, find three excerpts that best i"ustrate the Christian or Muslim point of view. Wednesday, November 28, 12 Video Clip What happened when the crusaders arrived in Jerusalem? What was the outcome of the First Crusade? Wednesday, November 28, 12 Siege of Jerusalem Wednesday, November 28, 12 The Second Crusade Wednesday, November 28, 12 The Second Crusade 1147-1149 Turks united and started taking back cities King Louis VII and Conrad III joined armies to recapture Damascus 1149 crusaders returned in disgrace Wednesday, November 28, 12 Saladin Saladin, the Western name for the ruler Salah al-Din ibn Ayyub, was the great Muslim general who confronted the Crusaders in the Near East. Born to a Kurdish family active in Syria, Saladin reestablished a Sunni regime in Egypt in 1171 by putting an end to the last Shiite Fatimid caliph there. Saladin, now sultan of Egypt, returned to Syria and soon captured Damascus, Aleppo, and Mosul from other Muslim princes. From this strong Syrian base, he then turned against the Crusaders, decisively defeating them at the battle of Hattin on July 4, 1187. The victory at Hattin was followed by the easy recon quest of various Crusader lands and towns, above all the holy city of Jerusalem, which had been in Christian hands for 88 years. Saladin waited to take possession of the city until October 2, because the date corresponded with the anniversary of the Prophet's miraculous ascension to heaven, according to the Muslim calendar. In contrast to the Crusaders' bloodbath when they had taken Jerusalem, Saladin acted with great magnanimity to the Christian and Jewish residents. He forced the Franks to retreat to the coast of Syria and Palestine. In 1192 he signed a truce with Richard the Lionhearted. He died in the following year, but his descendants in the Ayyubid dynasty continued to rule in Egypt and Syria for several generations. Considered the model prince by Muslim admirers and Christian foes alike, Saladin has been memorialized in history and legend to the present day. Wednesday, November 28, 12 The Third Crusade Wednesday, November 28, 12 The Third Crusade 1189-1192 1187 Saladin gains control of Jerusalem Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II, and King Richard I led separate armies Richard settled for a truce Wednesday, November 28, 12 Richard the Lionheart surrenders to Saladin Wednesday, November 28, 12 Impact of the Crusades Weapons and warfare: crossbow, new ways to wage war Political Changes: power of European kings grew stronger, end of feudalism, Christian church became more powerful Ideas and trade: exchange of ideas Wednesday, November 28, 12 Assess Knowledge What was the outcome of the First Crusade? What was the outcome of the Second Crusade? What was the outcome of the Third Crusade? What was Saladin’s legacy? What impact did the Crusades have on Arab society? Wednesday, November 28, 12 The Crusades Wednesday, November 28, 12