Download Biology Chapter 1 Study Questions

Unit 4 Study Questions
Please note these are practice questions!!!! Do not simply answer these questions and
feel that you are prepared for the exam. Use these questions as a guide to locate areas
where you need more study.
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is known as _____________.
The study of heredity and hereditary information is the scope of the field of __________.
There are three levels at which geneticists work; list them:
A unit of heredity is the _____________.
A ____________ refers to the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
Organisms produced by asexual reproduction are __________; genetically identical to the
parent.
Name the type of reproduction which involves the fusion of gametes._______________
________ is the diploid number of a human somatic cell.
A pair of homologous chromosomes consists of a _______________ chromosome and a
______________ chromosome.
__________________ are tests performed to observe cells ploidy levels. These are often
used to test for ___________ _____________ such as _____________ ____________.
In humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes is known as the ______________. Males and
females differ with respect to this pair how?
In the space below draw a synapsed tetrad and label the centromeres, sister chromatids,
non-sister chromatids, and chiasmata.
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The fusion of _______ and egg produce a single cell known as a __________________.
What stage of mitosis are the cells arrested to produce a karyotype?
In animals, meiosis results in the production of __________; fertilization results in the
production of a __________.
Name the two processes which occur during meiosis that promote genetic diversity:
Name the phases of meiosis in order in the space below:
What is a recombinant chromosome?
In what phase(s) of meiosis does the process of crossing over occur?
In what phase(s) of meiosis does independent assortment occur?
Phase of meiosis where each of the following occur:
Tetrads lined up at equator of cell______________________________
Synapsis occurs and tetrads form_______________________________
DNA replication occurs______________________________
Period of rest between Meiosis I & II_______________________________
Sister chromatids separate__________________________
Tetrads separate ___________________________________
When a single diploid cell divides by mitosis what is the result?
When a single diploid cell divides by meiosis, what is the result?
Are the nuclei present following meiosis I haploid or diploid?
Assume that a cell (2n=6) divides by meiosis.
How many chromatids are present in each daughter nuclei following Meiosis I?________
How many chromosomes are present in each nuclei following Meiosis II? ___________
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Meiosis I is said to be a ___________ division while Meiosis II is said to be a
___________ division.
For a species with a diploid number of ten, how many different combinations of maternal
and paternal chromosomes are possible for gametes?
What are punnett squares used for?
If you cross a homozygous recessive with a heterozygous individual, what is the chance
(percentage) of producing an offspring with the recessive phenotype?
____________ are alternative genes that code for the same character and occupy
corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.
Mendel began his experiments with pea varieties that were _________________;
meaning that self pollination always resulted in offspring of the same variety as the
parent.
A _________________ is a genetic cross between an individual exhibiting the dominant
phenotype (but of unknown genotype) and an individual with the recessive phenotype.
Two purple flowered pea plants were crossed. There were 100 peas produced as
offspring. Of these offspring 67, later produced plants with purple flowers and 33
produced plants with white flowers. This suggests that the original parents were
_______________.
homozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
heterozygous
List three reasons Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments.
In the space below, diagram a cross of pea plants with purple and white flowers which
begins with a P generation which is true breeding. List the ratios for genotype and
phenotype of the F1 generation and the F2 generation.
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List and define the two genetic principles that Mendel derived using his genetic studies of
pea plants.
Assume a couple has three children; all three children have brown eyes and blond hair.
Both parents are homozygous for brown eyes (BB), but mother is blonde (rr) and the
father is a red head (Rr). What is the probability that their next child will be:
Brown-eyed and have red hair?
Green-eyed and blonde?
Compare and contrast incomplete and complete dominance?
A phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross suggests
___________ dominance
Type of inheritance pattern seen with a 9:3:4 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation
_______________.
List an example of codominance in humans.
In the space below work a dihybrid cross for true breeding pea plants that are:
Yellow seeds with green pods X green seeds with yellow pods
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Name an example of multiple alleles found in humans.
If a man with type O blood and a woman with type O blood have a child, what is the
percent chance that their child will have :
Type A blood_____
Type B blood_____
Type AB blood______
Type O blood______
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that exhibits an inheritance pattern known as
____________. Cystic fibrosis is common in Americans of ____________ descent.
Heterozygotes are phenotypically _________ and are called ____________.
What segment of the American population is most susceptible to sickle cell disease?
___________________
Sickle cell disease exhibits _________ dominance and it is a __________ inherited
disorder.
Name two sex-linked recessive disorders.
________________________ & _______________________
The twisting of a unicorn’s horn is an inherited character. The right-hand twist (R) is
dominant to the left hand twist (r). A second gene determines if a horn will be present
(H). Unicorns that are homozygous recessive (hh) for the second gene will not have a
horn at all.
What type of inheritance pattern is exhibited here?_____________________
If a male unicorn named Rambo and female unicorn named Leia are each heterozygous
for both genes produce a foal unicorn, what is the probability that the foal will have the
following phenotypes:
a right handed twist horn_______
no horn__________
a left handed twist horn________
What is the phenotype for Rambo?___________
What is the phenotype for Leia?____________
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Name the type of inheritance patter each of the following illustrates:
Skin pigmentation in humans_________________________
Achondroplasia ________________________
Sickle cell disease_______________________________
Huntington’s disease __________________________
Hair color in mice____________________________
Pea flower color_________________________________
ABO blood groups____________________________
MN blood groups__________________________________
Cystic fibrosis_____________________________
What is CVS sampling and amniocentesis tests useful for?
Which test involves the insertion of a large needle into the amniotic fluid to obtain fetal
cells?
Which test involves the removal of placental tissue to obtain fetal cells?
How many genes are there thought to be in the human genome?
Describe the loci of linked genes.
Do sex-linked genes follow Mendel’s patterns of inheritance?
Name the pattern of inheritance seen in color-blindness. ________________________
Which sex is more likely to exhibit the color blind phenotype?___________________
Bill and Jan have a color blind son, Bob. Both Bill and Jan have normal vision. If they
choose to have another child, what are the probabilities for each of the following:
Normal vision daughter____________
Normal vision son__________
Color blind daughter ______________
Color blind son ___________
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What is a Barr-body?
Why are tortoise shell and calico cats always female?
_________ is defined as an abnormal number of chromosomes. ___________ is the
condition where a cell has an extra chromosome and ____________ is the condition
where a cell has a chromosome missing. These are usually the result of
_______________ which occurs during meiosis.
Name a disorder which is caused by a cell that is (2n+1) ________________________
The likelihood of a child with this disorder increases after the ______________ reaches
the age of _________________.
Describe the sex chromosomes and phenotype for an individual with Turner syndrome:
Describe the sex chromosomes and phenotype for an individual with Klinefelter
syndrome:
A man who carries an X linked allele will pass it on to:
all of his daughters
all of his sons
half of his sons
half of his daughters
all of his children
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