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General Biology: Exam I Sample Questions 1. How many electrons are required to fill the valence shell of a neutral atom with an atomic number of 24? a. b. c. d. e. 2. 0—the atom is inert 1 2 4 6 In regards to the fluid mosaic model, which of the following is TRUE? a. b. c. d. e. 3. Transmembrane proteins are classified as peripheral proteins Molecules that comprise the membrane can readily move from the intracellular to the extracellular surface Phospholipid molecules spam from the intracellular to the extracellular surface Fatty acids attached to glycerol are found in the same region of the membrane as hydrophobic regions of transmembrane proteins None of the above is TRUE In regards the characteristics and properties of water, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. b. c. d. e. Water has four valence orbitals Two of water’s orbitals have unshared pairs of electrons Oxygen electrons that are shared with hydrogen are statistically more likely to be found in hydrogen’s 1S orbital All of water’s valence orbitals carry weak charges C&D Use the following table to answer Questions 4 – 5. 1 2 3 4 4. Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Frutose-6-phosphate Pyruvate Glucose-6-phosphate Frutose-1,6-bisphosphate Acetyl CoA Citrate For the respiration reactions that form the compounds listed above, which require ATP to be hydrolyzed (spent)? a. b. c. d. e. 5. 5 6 7 8 2, 5 & 6 2, 3, 5 & 6 3, 5 & 6 5&6 5, 6 & 7 For the respiration reactions that form the compounds listed above, which produce NADH? a. b. c. d. e. 4, 7 & 8 5, 7 & 8 7&8 7 only None of the above 6. All of the following are properties of chemical bonds EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. 7. Of the following, which permit cytoplasms of neighboring cells to be in contact? a. b. c. d. e. 8. Activation energy decreases Free energy is released Endergonic reactions may be driven A&B B&C In regards to membrane transport, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. b. c. d. e. 11. Condensation reactions between monosaccharides form glycosidic linkages Condensation reactions between amino acids form peptide bonds Condensation reactions between glycerol and fatty acid residues form thiol bonds Lipids are water insoluble Nucleic acids are polymers formed through condensation reactions linking nucleotides Of the following, which may result when a phosphate bond in ATP is hydrolyzed? a. b. c. d. e. 10. Plasmodesmota Gap junctions Desmosomes A&B B&C In regards to macromolecules, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. b. c. d. e. 9. Atoms differing in valence will also differ in the number of covalent bonds they form Electrons in polar covalent bonds are statistically more likely to be found with the atom with higher electronegativity Ionic bonds result from electrostatic attraction between atoms sharing electrons Van der Waals forces are weak interactions A&B Both exocytosis and endocytosis involve the movement of large particles Clathrin selectively binds extra-cellular materials during receptor mediated endocytosis Endocytosis is an active transport process The movement of soluble materials into cells is known as pinocytosis A&C Hypotheses have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. Hypotheses are the best possible explanation for an observation B. An experimental hypothesis can be proven when there is a low probability of the null hypothesis being true C. Hypotheses must be testable D. A&B E. B&C Use the information in the following graph to answer Question 12 12. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. B. C. D. E. The independent variable is a continuous variable The dependent variable is “Plant Growth” The data supports the view that plant growth increases with amount of fertilizer The experiment is an example of correlational research C&D 13. The atomic and mass number nomenclature for the hypothetical element genbiolinium, symbol Gb, is 250501Ap. The atom is neutral. All of the following are true of genbiolinium EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. 14. The hypothetical element “GBomnium” has a charge of -2 and the following mass and atomic numbers: 38GB and 20GB. All of the following are characteristics of “GBomnium” EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. 15. It has more electrons than neutrons It has the same number of protons and neutrons It has more neutrons than protons A&B B&C “GBomnium” has 20 neurons “GBomnium” has more electrons than protons “GBomnium” has more protons than neutrons A&C A, B & C All of the following are functions of membrane proteins EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. Enzymatic activity along the membranes surface Transmission of information into the cell Selective transport of lipid soluble molecules Recognition of foreign cells and material Anchoring cells to the extra-cellular matrix 16. All of the following are properties of amino acids EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. 17. Which of the following determines enzyme specificity? a. b. c. d. e. 18. Molecular composition of the reactants Molecular composition of the products Physical characteristics of the active site Physical characteristics of the allosteric site Physical characteristics of the enzyme-substrate complex Of the following, which best describes enthalpy in terms of biological systems? a. b. c. d. e. 19. Most amino acids have a central carbon bonded to four other atoms All amino acids have at least one carboxyl group Peptide bonds result when the amino group of one amino acid bonds with the central carbon of a neighboring amino acid Properties of amino acid are determined by the physical properties of the R-group In biological systems, the amino group may ionize to form a cation Enthalpy is the amount of heat lost as bonds are broken and formed during metabolic processes Enthalpy is the total energy available to do metabolic work Enthalpy is the total potential energy stored in the molecules that comprise life Enthalpy is a set of metabolic reactions that degrade biological molecules Enthalpy is a set of metabolic reactions that synthesize biological molecules Of the following, which best explains why water has a high heat of vaporization? A. B. C. D. E. Sufficient energy must be added to break hydrogen bonding between neighboring water molecules before its state can change from liquid to gas Sufficient energy must be added to redistribute electrons from the oxygen molecule to the hydrogen molecules of the water molecules before its state can change from liquid to gas Sufficient energy must be added to break hydrogen bonding between neighboring water molecules in order to raise the kinetic energy of the water molecules Sufficient energy must be added to redistribute electrons from the oxygen molecule to the hydrogen molecules of the water molecules in order to raise the kinetic energy of the water molecules None of the above is true Use the following list to answer Questions 20 - 21. 1 2 3 4 20. Amino Carbonyl Carboxyl Hydroxyl Two ATP are produced per pyruvate molecule formed during glycolysis Two carbon dioxides are produced per pyruvate molecule formed during glycolysis One FADH2 is produced per pyruvate molecule formed during glycolysis Three NADH are produced per pyruvate molecule formed during glycolysis Oxaloacetate is both a reactant and product All of the following are characteristics of a thiol EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. 24. 2&3 2, 3 & 6 1, 2 & 3 1, 2, 3 & 6 1, 5 & 7 All of the following are characteristics of the TCA cycle EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. 23. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 6 2, 3 & 4 4&6 5 only 5&7 Of the functional groups listed above, which double bonds? a. b. c. d. e. 22. Methyl Phosphate Sulfhydryl Of the functional groups listed above, which are classified as non-polar? a. b. c. d. e. 21. 5 6 7 Thiols include a sulfhydryl functional group Thiols include a functional groups that has sulfur double-bonded to an oxygen Thiols may have disulfide bridges Thiols have a functional group that is non-polar B&D A solution has a pH of 5. How many more times H+ ions are there than OH- ions in the solution? a. b. c. d. e. 2.2 4 100 10,000 Cannot be determined from this information 25. In regards to the three-dimensional distribution of electrons around the nucleus, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. b. c. d. e. 26. Which of the following events determines the effect that a signaling molecule has on target cells? a. b. c. d. e. 27. c. d. e. The sequence of amino acids in the peptide backbone is coded for by mRNA Secondary structure is determined by interactions between amino acids in the peptide backbone Tertiary protein structure requires interactions between two or more peptide chains Quaternary protein structure results from folding within the peptide backbone C&D All of the following are characteristics of enzymes EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. 30. Direct phosphorylation of ATP Energy captured in the formation of NADH during glycolysis Energy captured in the formation of FADH2 during the TCA cycle Energy captured in the formation of NADH during the TCA cycle Energy captured in the formation of NADH when acetyl CoA is formed All of the following are characteristics of protein organization EXCEPT: a. b. 29. Hydrophobic domain of the transmembrane protein Chemical composition of the signaling molecule Receptors on the target cells Intracellular transduction mechanisms C&D Most of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration comes from which of the following sources? a. b. c. d. e. 28. For an electron to be in the 2S orbital, the 1S orbital must be full To move from a lower orbital to a higher orbital, potential energy must be lost For an atom to be inert, the valence shell must be complete An atom with two electrons in its 2pz will have different properties than an atom with one A&D Most enzymes can repeatedly function in a chemical reaction Enzymes reduce the free energy necessary to start a chemical reaction Most enzymes are made from protein Many enzymes need additional chemical cofactors to be active Enzyme effectiveness requires optimum temperature and pH In regards to the physical properties of water, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. b. c. d. e. Because of its cohesive behavior, water has more structure than other molecules Because of its high specific heat, water has higher kinetic energy than other molecules Because of its high heat of vaporization, it takes more potential energy to change liquid water into the gaseous state Because water molecules are maximally separated in the solid form, water has a lower density in its solid form than most other molecules B&C 31. Which of the following respiration processes DOES NOT occur in the mitochondria? a. b. c. d. e. 32. Of the following, which best describes why certain types of metabolic reactions are classified as anaerobic? a. b. c. d. e. 33. e. Many of the components act as proton pumps Protons accumulate in the inter-membrane space The diffusion of protons into the inner mitochondrial space catalyzes ATP formation The electrons passed through the electron transport chain cause the hydrolysis of water to form oxygen Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor Atom A and B have the same number of valence electrons. Which of the following best describes the bonds formed by these atoms? a. b. c. d. e. 35. The reactions use nutrients other than glucose The reactions use terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen The reactions do not include glycolytic reactions The reactions do not include TCA cycle reactions The reactions do not include electron transport In regards to electron transport, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. b. c. d. 34. ATP storage Formation of acetyl CoA TCA cycle Chemiosmosis Electron transport A and B form covalent bonds A and B form ionic bonds A and B form polar covalent bonds A and B form the same type of bonds A and B form different types of bonds All of the following are characteristics of chemical reactions EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. The products of an endergonic reaction have a higher total free energy than the reactants Exergonic reactions occur spontaneously Oxidative reactions result in the net gain of energy Reduction involves the net gain of electrons Most cellular reactions never reach equilibrium