* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download classical conditioning
Thin-slicing wikipedia , lookup
Theory of planned behavior wikipedia , lookup
Educational psychology wikipedia , lookup
Insufficient justification wikipedia , lookup
Theory of reasoned action wikipedia , lookup
Attribution (psychology) wikipedia , lookup
Psychophysics wikipedia , lookup
Observational methods in psychology wikipedia , lookup
Applied behavior analysis wikipedia , lookup
Adherence management coaching wikipedia , lookup
Verbal Behavior wikipedia , lookup
Behavior analysis of child development wikipedia , lookup
Learning theory (education) wikipedia , lookup
Social cognitive theory wikipedia , lookup
Behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Learning Define Learning: (15 mins) 1) 2) 3) 4) Distribute Handout/Learning Quiz As a class, decide which events are examples of learning and which are not. Have students defend their responses Then provide the following definition: (have students write it down) Learning refers to the relatively permanent change in a subject’s behavior to a given situation brought about by his/her repeated experiences in that situation, provided that the behavior change cannot be explained on the basis of native response tendencies, maturation, or temporary states of the subject (i.e., fatigue, drugs, etc). 5) Any changes in answers? ************************** CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: (45 mins) Why is Classical Conditioning considered learning? Who is Pavlov? Associative Learning Classical Conditioning (associate stimuli) UCS – Unconditioned Stimulus UCR – Unconditioned Response CS – Conditioned Stimulus CR – Conditioned Response Acquisition – “Initial Learning” The initial stage where the associating of a neutral stimulus with an UCS occurs so that a CR is elicited Extinction – The diminishing of CR, when a UCS does not follow a CS Spontaneous Recovery – The reappearance (after a period of time) of an extinguished CR. Generalization – The tendency, once there is a CR for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit similar responses. Discrimination – The learned ability to distinguish between a CS and stimuli that do not signal a UCS. Exercise on Human Taste Aversions (10 mins) Get a volunteer to tabulate result Compare to Rozin’s results of 143 subjects 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 82% disliked the clean-flyswatter soup – 4 or less 58% disliked the new flyswatter soup 76% disliked the comb soup 71% disliked the dog bowl soup Only 34% would pass on the dropped cookie (grass has few negative associations) 84% would reject the waiter bite cookie 31% would reject the acquaintance cookie 16% would reject the friend cookie Why is Classical Conditioning important? It is the one way that virtually all organisms learn to adapt to their environment. It also demonstrated how learning (and other mental processes) can be studied objectively What are some current day applications of Classical Conditioning? Drug & Alcohol abuse treatments Medical uses (pg 256) Psychological treatment of fears OPERANT CONDITIONING Is Operant Conditioning “Associative Learning?” – yes What is Operant Conditioning? Behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforce or diminished if followed by a punisher. Respondent Behavior – automatic response to stimulus (Classical Conditioning) Operant Behavior – Operates on the environment, producing consequences Law of Effect – rewarded behavior is likely to recur Operant Chamber – Skinner Box Shaping – Reinforcers gradually guide one toward a desired behavior Principals of reinforcement – What is a reinforce? Primary? Secondary? (conditioned) Reinforcement Schedules Continuous reinforcement Partial (intermittent) reinforcement - Fixed-ratio - Variable –ratio - Fixed-interval - Fixed-ratio EXERCICE ON REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment o Negative Reinforcement Quiz – with discussion o Operant Conditioning Consequence Matrix – with discussion Cognition & Operant Conditioning – how do they fit? Applications: Transforming couch potatoes with operant conditioning Addressing superstitious behaviors Modifying an existing behavior LEARNING BY OBSERVATION Modeling – observing & imitating Mirror Neurons – frontal lobe neurons – fire when observing Bandura – Bobo doll We are more likely to imitate those we believe are similar to ourselves (or someone successful or admirable) Pro-social behaviors Positive, helpful models – example MLK, European Christians that risked their lives to rescue Jews. This is one of the true significant things about observational learning. TV & Observational Learning Correlation – between TV violence & increased crime (causation?) Maybe naturally aggressive children prefer violent TV Maybe neglected children are more aggressive and more often left in front of the TV Acquiring a skill through observation Give a personal example. Current Applications: Fear control Helping Socially withdrawn children