* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download SARS and Lantigen B
Sociality and disease transmission wikipedia , lookup
Complement system wikipedia , lookup
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
Lymphopoiesis wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
Immunosuppressive drug wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Infection control wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Immunocontraception wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Sjögren syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
To whom it may concerns SWINE FLU and Lantigen B. It is a common notion in immunology that the best immune-response are raised against infectious agents. This is particularly true when bacteria are involved in the infection, because of their capacity to induce the activation and maturation of immature dendritic cells to mature antigen presenting – dendritic cells. This activation/maturation process is strongly supported by the presence of specific bacterial structures (such as lipopolysaccaride – LPS – and protidoglicans) recognized by the so-called Toll-Like receptors (TLR) expressed on immature dendritic cells. Following this molecular interaction, dendritic cells mature and secrete a number of cytokines and chemokines deeply involved in the efficacy of antigen recognition and subsequent activation of the adaptive (specific) arm of the immune-response. Problems related to a poor capacity to recognize and eliminate infectious agents such as viruses are sometimes related to the incapacity of the immune response to recognize the foreign antigens and initiate an efficient specific immune-response. For this reason, the combination of viral antigens and bacterial antigens (either used as adjuvant or used as vaccine against bacterial disease) had resulted in a strong and largely distributed activation of the specific immune-response in humans. This finding has been recently strongly supported by a study in young humans, treated with BCG, measles and poliovirus as vaccines. The control group, where BCG was absent, resulted in a weaker immuneresponse against the viral antigens. The combination of Lantigen B, a natural bacteria-derived drug expressing both the soluble and the particulate fraction of bacterial antigens and viral vaccine should be strongly supported not only in patients with a natural weak immune-response, but also in developing countries where both the emerging infections and the style of life may result in a higher risk of epidemic infections. Along this line, the capacity of Lantigen B to evoke a specific immune-response as well as the capacity of inducing the maturation of dendritic cells, should be used also in clinics when a novel infectious agents is spreading in the country. The induction of maturation of Dendritic cells allows a stronger and more efficient presentation of antigens not only related to the Lantigen B, but also to any other infectious agent present in the country and potentially pathogenic. On these bases, I strongly suggest the use of bacterial-derived drugs (such as Lantigen B) as both specific and nonspecific immunostimulants and adjuvants in patients belonging to cohorts or groups potentially prone to the infection mediated by novel infectious agents. Prof. G. MELIOLI Analysis Laboratory Hospital Unit Scientific Institute “Giannina Gaslini” Genoa/Italy