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tE5'ON
V
i,.,:
THE TWELVE TABLES OF THE LAW
Passive voice verbs Change the following active voice verbs to the passive voice. Translate
the new forms.
Ai
ACTIVE
VERBS
CORRESPONDING PASSIVE FORMS AND TRANSLATIONS
1. evocabam
2. prohibobis
3. oppressit
4. affeceramus
5. audiveritis
Rewrite the fbllowing sentences in Latin using the passive voice. Note that you will need to
use the ablative of agent for each.
6.
Dominus servos poena affOcerat.
7. Dei urbem
8. Populum
9. Milites
10. Quis
&$
servavOrunt.
move6.
castra mDniobant.
pecDniam dividet?
Perfect passive participles used as adjectives and nouns Using perfect passive participles,
translate.
1. a proven method
2. a fortified town
3. discerned courage
4. a frightened man (Use only one word.)
5. intercepted things (Use ctnly one word.)
16
LATIN FOR AMERI(AN5, IEVEt 2
rEssoN v
uNrr
r
WORKBOOK
Copyright O by The Mccraw-Hill Companies, lnc.
to
drove Coriolanus out lput C ' to flight), and he fled
of
leader
Made
Romans'
the
of
foes
the
the Volscians,
prethe Volscians, he came to the gates of Rome and
pared to seize the city. Veturia with other distinguished
h.o*un women proceeded to Coriolanus' camp and
begged for peace' Coriolanus, affected by his mother's
*otOa, said, 'Mother, you have saved Rome'"'
"And what Roman has not been deeply moved by
capthe deeds of Cloelia?" said Caecilia' "[Though] a
enetive, she fled from the camp of the Etruscans'
mies of the Romans, and swam across the river'"
"In those times it was easier to win fame, because
the Romans were carrying on war," said Secunda'
"But now there is peace. What can women do in ltime
peace?"
ofl-';Muny
things!" replied Caecilia' "Have not the
Vestal Virgins often saved Rome by their sacred services, when the gods were unfriendly? And who will
not remember the good Livia?"
"But theY do not go t0 the Fotum'"
"'Wasn't Laelia able to make excellent speeches?"
the
asked Fulvia. "Didn't Hortensia plead the case of
trithe
war
civil
In
the
Forum?
the
Roman women in
umvirs ordered the Roman women to give money'
But Hortensia said in the Forum: 'Why ought we to
give money? We have no influence in the state' If the
comes lwill come), we shall give you money'
"n"*y
but never will we give aid in support of a civil war.'
By these words the triumvirs were compelled to
yield.
"In the schools Roman boys read and hear about
these and aLrout Cornelia, Claudia, Lucretia, Tuccia'
and even about our own Caecilia Metella, and they
will always read and hear [about them] as long as
Rome wiil endure' Good Roman women protect the
state. When dangers lwlll] come, they will always
be ready."
p.22. Days with Books
and writers
In the beautiful temple of Apollo, which Augustus
had vowed lwhile] at war and afterward completed
Hill, there was a public library where
many books, both Greek and Latin, were kept'
Pubius and Furianus often remained there a long
time. Often they used to walk through the part of the
city in which were the shops of the booksellers' In
front of the shops hung books written by both new
and well-known authors. In the shops the slaves of
the booksellers were always copying books' The
on the Palatine
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large shop of the Sosii was the most attractive fpleasto Furianus and Publius.
ingl
"Once
Publius Ovidius Naso, a poet popular with
prepared to
lpteasing rol the Romans at that time,
Caecilius
Publius
poemsl'
his
!iu" u reading lread
poet; and
the
of
a
friend
knew
i.ufus. Publius' father,
so Rufus with his friend and with his son and
Furianus proceeded to the house in which Ovid lived'
Great was the interest of Publius and Furianus, for
they had seen and unrolled many poems of Ovid in
the shop of the Sosii, and had often longed to see
Ovirt himself. On the way Rufus and his friend were
many things about Poets.
saying
""OviO
ii the best poet"' the friend exclaimed'
"When men have forgotten lwill have placed aside
the other poets
.from the memory) the names of all
will endure'"
Ovid
of
name
*ho u.* now lliving], the
Virgil and
than
better
"He is good, but he is not
Rome has
boys'
Horace, whom we used to hear [as]
were"'
they
neither seen nor heard better [poets] than
Rufus said.
"To be sure, he has not written the Aeneid [or] the
Secular Hymn; the Amores and other books of his are
pleasing, [but] they are not outstanding' But
I
have
l"atd *uty things about his new book, which is
called the M etamorphases [Transformations]'"
"Has Augustus seen that book?"
"That I do not know. Ovid, however, does not
seem to be popular with [very pleasing ro] Augustus'
Augusfis remembers Horace and Virgil"'.
had come to the house in which Ovid was
living, and Ovid was already reciting his new book'
He read a poem about Orpheus and his wife' Publius
and Furianus listened with great interest' After the
poem had been read, they slowly departed from the
ihey
house.
"He certainly is
a
poet!" were Publius'words'
D. 26. The Laws of the
twelve Tables
been com
since ffror
"At wl
"Durir
Decemvit
laws of tl
ories, we
by the Rr
had beer
know lnt
advice o1
sought,
famous r
acquaintr
sent t0 I
now
the
Romans
power o
directed
men, [u
labored
The larr
the Fort
years, a1
"I ha
"The
about
fa
about r
Many c
Roman
Twelve
lost, tht
lost;
as
will
be
p.3i
mothet
Secunda was going to ask Publius abgut these words'
but he had gone away to the Forum' Therefore Rufus'
her father, was sought out by Secunda' Upon finding
Rufus [Rufr s hat'ing beenfound), Secunda asked:
"Whatis [the meaning of] 'Against a foreigner the
Publius saying these [words]."
the Laws
Pub
Once the following words were being recited by
Publius, lwhile] Secunda, his tittle sister, was listening: "Against a foreigner the right [in property shall
be I everlasting."
right [in property shall be] everlasting?'
Her fatl
I heard
"wl
"I\
Father
come I
Senate
not bl
Many
lmenl
to
the
their
then
s
,
fuefpleaspular with
repared to
r Caecilius
l poet; and
s son and
Svid lived.
rianus, for
of Ovid in
ged to see
iiend were
exclaimed.
aced aside
rther poets
ill endure."
Virgil and
Rome has
hey were,"
eid lorl the
s of his are
But I have
:, which is
ns]."
r, does not
lAugustus.
r Ovid was
new book.
ife. Publius
t. After the
:d from the
Her father explained: "These are words chosen from
the Laws of the Twelve Tables, which have always
been committed to memory by all Roman boys ever
since ffrom the time that] they were written."
"At what time were they written?"
"During the first years of the state, when the
Decemvirs were in lhad\ power. For a long time the
laws of the Romans, preserved [only] in men's memories, were unwritten. But written laws were sought
by the Roman people because many serious wrongs
had been sufTered lreceivedT by men who did not
know [nor knowing] the words of the laws' After the
advice of the most famous men of the state had been
sought, this method was found to be trest: three
famous men were sent to Greece, where they became
acquainted with the laws of the Greeks. Others were
,*nt to Hermodorus, a Greek living in ltaly' Even
now the statue of Hermodorus. erected by lhe
Romans, stands in the Comitium. Then the highest
power of the state was given to ten men, who were
directed to write down the Roman laws. When these
men, [with] Appius Claudius [as] chairman, [had]
labored a long while, the great work was completed'
The laws, written on twelve tablets, were placed in
the Forum. There they were seen by all during many
years, and there they are seen now"
"I have often seen them. But what are those laws?"
"There are many-about penalties, about wrongs'
about families, about a father's authority, about debts,
about roads, about tombs*about Roman justice'
Many other laws were afterwards proposed, but the
Roman power was established by the Laws of the
Twelve Tables. When those laws [will] have been
lost, then the power of Rome will be lwill have beenl
lost; as long as they remain fthey remainlngl, Rome
will be eternal."
words.
recited by
was listenrperty shall
hese words,
fore Rufus,
pon finding
l asked:
rreigner the
;?'I heard
p.32. The Senate in Session
"Where have you been?" asked Fulvia' "You are late"'
went to the Curia Julia lsenate Housel with
Father," replied Publius' "I think that Father will
come soon. I was standing in the Comitium, near the
Senate House. Since the door was not shut lthe door
not being closecll, I heard and saw many things'
"I
Many senators, among whom I saw the most famous
[men] of the state, came together through the streets
to the Senate House' When these were already in
their seats lwho already sittingl, the consuls came in'
then Augustus himself' After the sacrifice
Augustus read many long lelters."
"About what?"
could not hear because many boys were standing near the door, pushing the men and shouting'
Who do you think scattered them?*Furianus did it!
He told the boys that Augustus, the chief of state, was
consulting the senators about important matters; that
the gods had been invoked and were present; that
gods;
[by] shouting rhe boys were doing wrong to the
many
and
penalty-these
pay
the
that they would
other things lhe said]. In what way I did not se€, but
he compelled the boys to go away. He has a loud
voice; I think that rhe boys feared him. Augustus was
by this time asking, 'What letters do you have?' and
hi ordered the senators to read the letters' When all
the letters had been rcad [all the letters having been
"I
read), the consul made a speech, fstating] that many
famous Romans had been overpowered and killed by
slaves; lhat to others aid had not been given by
slaves; that this was wrong; that the slaves of a murdered Roman citizen ought to be arrested and tortured and then Put to death."
"What were the opinions likefof what sortf?"
"Almost all the senalors felt that the plan of the
consul would be good; a few thought that it would be
cruel. Augustus announced that the majority of the
senators were in favor of the proposal of the consul'"
"What was your father's opinion?"
"He did not make a long speech, and I was unable
to hear it; but I think that he voted on the side of rhe
consul. After they had given their opinions, Augustus
said, 'I do not detain you,' and all the senators left the
Senate House."
p. SS.HolidaYs
By this time the month of March had come*
Publius came through the door, at which his
mother Fulvia had been waiting for a long time'
;
announced that the omens were favorable' Then
it
formerly the first of the new year among the Romans'
All the Caecilii and their slaves were decked out
lconspicuousl in new clothes. Business was assigned
to no one, because the duties of the whole state had
been laid aside on account of the holidays' Publius
and Furianus made their way through the Forum
among many people, some hastening toward the temple, olhers standing [about], all wearing new clothes'
While Publius and Furianus were looking at the deco-
rated buildings, it was reported through the Forum
that the Vestal Virgins had carefully put out the fire of
Vesta, and had already collected wood for a new fire'
Two men were standing near Publius; one said to the
was
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