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Name Date tE5'ON V i,.,: THE TWELVE TABLES OF THE LAW Passive voice verbs Change the following active voice verbs to the passive voice. Translate the new forms. Ai ACTIVE VERBS CORRESPONDING PASSIVE FORMS AND TRANSLATIONS 1. evocabam 2. prohibobis 3. oppressit 4. affeceramus 5. audiveritis Rewrite the fbllowing sentences in Latin using the passive voice. Note that you will need to use the ablative of agent for each. 6. Dominus servos poena affOcerat. 7. Dei urbem 8. Populum 9. Milites 10. Quis &$ servavOrunt. move6. castra mDniobant. pecDniam dividet? Perfect passive participles used as adjectives and nouns Using perfect passive participles, translate. 1. a proven method 2. a fortified town 3. discerned courage 4. a frightened man (Use only one word.) 5. intercepted things (Use ctnly one word.) 16 LATIN FOR AMERI(AN5, IEVEt 2 rEssoN v uNrr r WORKBOOK Copyright O by The Mccraw-Hill Companies, lnc. to drove Coriolanus out lput C ' to flight), and he fled of leader Made Romans' the of foes the the Volscians, prethe Volscians, he came to the gates of Rome and pared to seize the city. Veturia with other distinguished h.o*un women proceeded to Coriolanus' camp and begged for peace' Coriolanus, affected by his mother's *otOa, said, 'Mother, you have saved Rome'"' "And what Roman has not been deeply moved by capthe deeds of Cloelia?" said Caecilia' "[Though] a enetive, she fled from the camp of the Etruscans' mies of the Romans, and swam across the river'" "In those times it was easier to win fame, because the Romans were carrying on war," said Secunda' "But now there is peace. What can women do in ltime peace?" ofl-';Muny things!" replied Caecilia' "Have not the Vestal Virgins often saved Rome by their sacred services, when the gods were unfriendly? And who will not remember the good Livia?" "But theY do not go t0 the Fotum'" "'Wasn't Laelia able to make excellent speeches?" the asked Fulvia. "Didn't Hortensia plead the case of trithe war civil In the Forum? the Roman women in umvirs ordered the Roman women to give money' But Hortensia said in the Forum: 'Why ought we to give money? We have no influence in the state' If the comes lwill come), we shall give you money' "n"*y but never will we give aid in support of a civil war.' By these words the triumvirs were compelled to yield. "In the schools Roman boys read and hear about these and aLrout Cornelia, Claudia, Lucretia, Tuccia' and even about our own Caecilia Metella, and they will always read and hear [about them] as long as Rome wiil endure' Good Roman women protect the state. When dangers lwlll] come, they will always be ready." p.22. Days with Books and writers In the beautiful temple of Apollo, which Augustus had vowed lwhile] at war and afterward completed Hill, there was a public library where many books, both Greek and Latin, were kept' Pubius and Furianus often remained there a long time. Often they used to walk through the part of the city in which were the shops of the booksellers' In front of the shops hung books written by both new and well-known authors. In the shops the slaves of the booksellers were always copying books' The on the Palatine TM-8 large shop of the Sosii was the most attractive fpleasto Furianus and Publius. ingl "Once Publius Ovidius Naso, a poet popular with prepared to lpteasing rol the Romans at that time, Caecilius Publius poemsl' his !iu" u reading lread poet; and the of a friend knew i.ufus. Publius' father, so Rufus with his friend and with his son and Furianus proceeded to the house in which Ovid lived' Great was the interest of Publius and Furianus, for they had seen and unrolled many poems of Ovid in the shop of the Sosii, and had often longed to see Ovirt himself. On the way Rufus and his friend were many things about Poets. saying ""OviO ii the best poet"' the friend exclaimed' "When men have forgotten lwill have placed aside the other poets .from the memory) the names of all will endure'" Ovid of name *ho u.* now lliving], the Virgil and than better "He is good, but he is not Rome has boys' Horace, whom we used to hear [as] were"' they neither seen nor heard better [poets] than Rufus said. "To be sure, he has not written the Aeneid [or] the Secular Hymn; the Amores and other books of his are pleasing, [but] they are not outstanding' But I have l"atd *uty things about his new book, which is called the M etamorphases [Transformations]'" "Has Augustus seen that book?" "That I do not know. Ovid, however, does not seem to be popular with [very pleasing ro] Augustus' Augusfis remembers Horace and Virgil"'. had come to the house in which Ovid was living, and Ovid was already reciting his new book' He read a poem about Orpheus and his wife' Publius and Furianus listened with great interest' After the poem had been read, they slowly departed from the ihey house. "He certainly is a poet!" were Publius'words' D. 26. The Laws of the twelve Tables been com since ffror "At wl "Durir Decemvit laws of tl ories, we by the Rr had beer know lnt advice o1 sought, famous r acquaintr sent t0 I now the Romans power o directed men, [u labored The larr the Fort years, a1 "I ha "The about fa about r Many c Roman Twelve lost, tht lost; as will be p.3i mothet Secunda was going to ask Publius abgut these words' but he had gone away to the Forum' Therefore Rufus' her father, was sought out by Secunda' Upon finding Rufus [Rufr s hat'ing beenfound), Secunda asked: "Whatis [the meaning of] 'Against a foreigner the Publius saying these [words]." the Laws Pub Once the following words were being recited by Publius, lwhile] Secunda, his tittle sister, was listening: "Against a foreigner the right [in property shall be I everlasting." right [in property shall be] everlasting?' Her fatl I heard "wl "I\ Father come I Senate not bl Many lmenl to the their then s , fuefpleaspular with repared to r Caecilius l poet; and s son and Svid lived. rianus, for of Ovid in ged to see iiend were exclaimed. aced aside rther poets ill endure." Virgil and Rome has hey were," eid lorl the s of his are But I have :, which is ns]." r, does not lAugustus. r Ovid was new book. ife. Publius t. After the :d from the Her father explained: "These are words chosen from the Laws of the Twelve Tables, which have always been committed to memory by all Roman boys ever since ffrom the time that] they were written." "At what time were they written?" "During the first years of the state, when the Decemvirs were in lhad\ power. For a long time the laws of the Romans, preserved [only] in men's memories, were unwritten. But written laws were sought by the Roman people because many serious wrongs had been sufTered lreceivedT by men who did not know [nor knowing] the words of the laws' After the advice of the most famous men of the state had been sought, this method was found to be trest: three famous men were sent to Greece, where they became acquainted with the laws of the Greeks. Others were ,*nt to Hermodorus, a Greek living in ltaly' Even now the statue of Hermodorus. erected by lhe Romans, stands in the Comitium. Then the highest power of the state was given to ten men, who were directed to write down the Roman laws. When these men, [with] Appius Claudius [as] chairman, [had] labored a long while, the great work was completed' The laws, written on twelve tablets, were placed in the Forum. There they were seen by all during many years, and there they are seen now" "I have often seen them. But what are those laws?" "There are many-about penalties, about wrongs' about families, about a father's authority, about debts, about roads, about tombs*about Roman justice' Many other laws were afterwards proposed, but the Roman power was established by the Laws of the Twelve Tables. When those laws [will] have been lost, then the power of Rome will be lwill have beenl lost; as long as they remain fthey remainlngl, Rome will be eternal." words. recited by was listenrperty shall hese words, fore Rufus, pon finding l asked: rreigner the ;?'I heard p.32. The Senate in Session "Where have you been?" asked Fulvia' "You are late"' went to the Curia Julia lsenate Housel with Father," replied Publius' "I think that Father will come soon. I was standing in the Comitium, near the Senate House. Since the door was not shut lthe door not being closecll, I heard and saw many things' "I Many senators, among whom I saw the most famous [men] of the state, came together through the streets to the Senate House' When these were already in their seats lwho already sittingl, the consuls came in' then Augustus himself' After the sacrifice Augustus read many long lelters." "About what?" could not hear because many boys were standing near the door, pushing the men and shouting' Who do you think scattered them?*Furianus did it! He told the boys that Augustus, the chief of state, was consulting the senators about important matters; that the gods had been invoked and were present; that gods; [by] shouting rhe boys were doing wrong to the many and penalty-these pay the that they would other things lhe said]. In what way I did not se€, but he compelled the boys to go away. He has a loud voice; I think that rhe boys feared him. Augustus was by this time asking, 'What letters do you have?' and hi ordered the senators to read the letters' When all the letters had been rcad [all the letters having been "I read), the consul made a speech, fstating] that many famous Romans had been overpowered and killed by slaves; lhat to others aid had not been given by slaves; that this was wrong; that the slaves of a murdered Roman citizen ought to be arrested and tortured and then Put to death." "What were the opinions likefof what sortf?" "Almost all the senalors felt that the plan of the consul would be good; a few thought that it would be cruel. Augustus announced that the majority of the senators were in favor of the proposal of the consul'" "What was your father's opinion?" "He did not make a long speech, and I was unable to hear it; but I think that he voted on the side of rhe consul. After they had given their opinions, Augustus said, 'I do not detain you,' and all the senators left the Senate House." p. SS.HolidaYs By this time the month of March had come* Publius came through the door, at which his mother Fulvia had been waiting for a long time' ; announced that the omens were favorable' Then it formerly the first of the new year among the Romans' All the Caecilii and their slaves were decked out lconspicuousl in new clothes. Business was assigned to no one, because the duties of the whole state had been laid aside on account of the holidays' Publius and Furianus made their way through the Forum among many people, some hastening toward the temple, olhers standing [about], all wearing new clothes' While Publius and Furianus were looking at the deco- rated buildings, it was reported through the Forum that the Vestal Virgins had carefully put out the fire of Vesta, and had already collected wood for a new fire' Two men were standing near Publius; one said to the was TM-9