Download BIOLOGY- Mechanisms of Evolution Unit Outline I. MICRO

BIOLOGY- Mechanisms of Evolution Unit Outline
I.
MICRO EVOLUTION (Chapter 16)
A.
What is microevolution? How do we know a population is evolving?
B.
Mechanisms of Evolution (Genetic Change)
1.
Natural Selection (definitions, graphs, and examples)
a. Disrup tive:
b. Directional:
c. Stabilizing:
d. Sexual Selection:
2.
Mechanisms based on Chance (definitions and examples)
a. Mutations:
b. Genetic Drift:
c. Gene Flow (migration):
3.
Speciation (The Mechanism of Macroevolution)
a. What is the biological species concept? Describe how a single population can
evolve into two populations that no longer interbreed.
b. Reproductive Isolation (Behavioral, Temporal, Geographic)
C.
Genetic Equilibrium (Hardy-Weinberg Principle)
1.
Alllele frequencies will remain constant in a population if these FIVE conditions
are met:
II.
MACROEVOLUTION (17.4 and Chapter 18)
A.
B.
Patterns of Macroevolution (definitions and examples)
1.
Mass Extinction:
2.
Adaptive Radiation:
3.
Convergent Evolution:
4.
Coevolution:
5.
Punctuated Equilibrium:
Evolutionary Classification
1.
(Linnaeus’s) Classification System
a. List the 8 Taxons in order from largest to smallest:
b. Name the 6 kingdoms and place them into the appropriate domains:
c. Explain how this system is used to show phylogenies and common ancestry
2.
Understanding and Constructing Cladograms & Phylogenetic Trees
a. Can you successfully discuss the relationships
represented in this cladogram? Which species are
the most closely related? The most distantly
related?
b. Construct a cladogram with this data:
Caterpillar
Moth
Tuna
Lizard
Bird
Dog
Cells
X
X
X
X
X
X
Backbone
Legs
Wings
Feathers
Hair
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X