Download Classical Conditioning - District 196 e

Learning
What is learning?
► How
do you know when learning has
occurred?
► What are some of the main lessons you
must teach a dog and how do you teach
them?
► What are some techniques your parents
used to show you right from wrong?
► Which techniques worked the best/worst?
Types of Learning
► Classical
Conditioning
► Operant Conditioning (Instrumental
Learning)
► Observational Learning
► Latent Learning
Classical Conditioning
► Ivan
Pavlov a Russian physiologist was
studying the digestive system of dogs
 Why did the dogs salivate to various sights and
sounds before eating the meat powder?
 Classical Conditioning – learning process in
which a neutral stimulus becomes associated
with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the
capacity to elicit a similar response.
Classical Conditioning
►
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
 Produces a response without prior learning
►
Unconditioned Response (UR)
 Unlearned response that is automatically associated with the US
►
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
 Stimulus that does not elicit any response
►
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
 Previously the NS that elicits the conditioned response after being
paired with the US.
►
Conditioned Response (CR)
 Learned response to the CS
► The
ringing of the bell is associated with the
meat powder and the dogs learn to salivate
to the ringing of the bell.
► US meat powder
CS ringing bell
► UR
salivation
► NS
ringing bell
CR salivation
► My
brothers chased me around with snakes
when I was little. Now I am afraid of
snakes.
► US
CS
► UR
► NS
CR
►A
little girl is stung by a bee while smelling
a flower. Now she is afraid of flowers.
► US
CS
► UR
CR
► NS
►I
fall asleep while studying Psychology. Now every
time I look at my Psychology book, I yawn.
► US
CS
► UR
CR
► NS
►I
was in a car accident and now every time I
drive I am very nervous and tense.
► US
CS
► UR
CR
► NS
► My
boyfriend works at Burger King. When I pick
him up from work, he always greets me with a
kiss. Now I find myself sexually aroused every
time I smell onion breath.
► US
CS
► UR
► NS
CR
►A
crying baby wants to eat. A nursing mother
finds that her milk lets down every time she hears
her baby cry even when it isn’t feeding time.
► US
CS
► UR
► NS
CR
► Acquisition
– the pairing of the US and the
NS so the NS comes to elicit the CR.
► Often in classical conditioning the pairing
between the US and NS must occur several
times before it comes to elicit the CR.
► Taste Aversion – acquisition only takes
one time because the response is so strong.
 Protection from our environment
►I
had the flu and I ate chili. Now every time
I smell chili I get nauseated.
► US
CS
► UR
► NS
CR
► Generalization
– the tendency of a new
stimulus that is similar to the original
stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to
the CR.
 Little Albert’s generalized fear
► Discrimination
– learning to respond to
certain stimuli and not others
►A
golden retriever jumps up on a little boy. Now
every time he sees a dog, he whimpers.
► US
CS
► UR
CR
► NS
► Generalizing
Stimulus (GS)=
► Discriminating Stimulus (DS)=
► Extinction
– the weakening of the CR in
the absence of the US
► Spontaneous Recovery – the CR can
appear again without further conditioning
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Flooding – exposed to stimulus until you realize that there is
nothing to fear
Systematic Desensitization – exposed to stimulus
gradually while practicing relaxation techniques
Counterconitioning – pairing the fearful stimulus with a
comforting one
-Mary Cover Jones helped Peter overcome his fear of
rabbits by pairing the rabbit with crackers and milk
US
UR
CS
CR
► Bell
and Pad Method for bed wetting
 Bell rings every couple of hours to wake you up
until you learn to wake up from a full bladder on
your own.
US
CS
UR
CR
Who’s in trouble?